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Adhesion Strength and Pendulum Hardness of Some Coatings in Wood Heat-treated by Different Methods
(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2023) Pelit, Hüseyin; Koc, Erol; Cakicier, Nevzat
Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood specimens were heat-treated separately at three different temperatures (170 degree celsius, 190 degree celsius, and 210 degree celsius) with steam treatment method (STM), oil treatment method (OTM), and hot-air treatment method (HTM). Then, the specimen surfaces were coated with water-based, polyurethane-based, and oil-based varnishes according to industrial applications. The study results show that both hardness and adhesion strength values of STM and HTM treated specimens were similar for both wood species. In contrast, these values were generally lower in OTM-treated specimens. For all applied methods, heat treatment temperature had no significant effect on hardness values. Varnish adhesion strength decreased in all heat-treated wood specimens compared to untreated specimens. Adhesion strength also decreased in STM-and HTM-treated specimens with increasing heat treatment temperature. Hardness values increased in all specimens coated with polyurethane-and water-based varnish compared to the specimens without varnish. However, hardness decreased in the specimens coated with oil-based varnish. In contrast, the highest adhesion resistance was determined in the specimens coated with oil-based vamish under all heat treatment conditions. In addition, the heat treatment method is more effective relative to the hardness values and the treatment temperature is more effective relative to the adhesion strength of varnished pine and beech specimens.
Ağaç malzeme yüzeylerine uygulanan poliüretan verniklerin parlaklığına ısıl işlem yöntemi ve işlem sıcaklığının etkisi
(2022) Koç, Erol; Pelit, Hüseyin
Bu çalışmada, farklı yöntemlerle ve farklı sıcaklık seviyelerinde ısıl işlemli ağaç malzeme yüzeylerine uygulanan poliüretan verniklerin parlaklık özellikleri incelenmiştir. Kayın (Fagus sylvatica L.) ve sarıçam (Pinus silvestris L.) odunu örnekleri üç farklı yöntem (ThermoWood, yağlı işlem ve sıcak hava) ve üç farklı sıcaklık (170 °C, 190 °C ve 210 °C) uygulanarak ısıl işleme tabi tutulmuştur. Daha sonra örnek yüzeyleri endüstriyel uygulamalara göre poliüretan vernik ile kaplanmıştır. Parlaklık ölçümleri TS EN ISO 2813 esaslarına uyularak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verniksiz örnekler için, yağlı işlem yöntemi ile ısıl işlem görmüş örneklerde daha düşük parlaklık değerleri belirlenmiştir. ThermoWood ve sıcak hava yöntemleri ile muamele edilmiş örneklerde parlaklık değerleri benzer bulunmuş ve bu örneklerde, düşük sıcaklıktaki (170 °C) ısıl işlem sonrası parlaklıklar kontrol örneklere göre artmıştır. Vernikli örneklerde ise ısıl işlem yönteminin etkisi parlaklık üzerinde önemsiz bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan, hem verniksiz hem de vernik uygulanmış örneklerde ısıl işlem sıcaklığı artışına bağlı olarak yüzey parlaklık değerleri azalmıştır.
AŞINDIRICI SU JETİ İLE KESİLMİŞ LİF LEVHANIN (MDF) YÜZEYPÜRÜZLÜLÜĞÜNEİŞLEME PARAMETRELERİNİN ETKİSİ
(İstanbul Bilim ve Akademisyen Derneği, 2018) Yaman, Özkan; Pelit, Hüseyin
Ağaç işleri endüstrisinde ahşap ve ahşap esaslı malzemelerin işlenmesinde kullanılan geleneksel makineler gün geçtikçe önemini kaybetmektedir. Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte bu makinelerin yerini tam otomatik ve bilgisayar kontrollü makineler almaktadır. Üretimde kullanılan bu yeni nesil makineler iş gücünün azalmasına, ürün çeşitliliğine, üretim hattının hızlanmasına ve zaman tasarrufuna olanak sağladığı için ürün maliyetlerinin aşağı çekilmesinde işletmeler açısından büyük bir öneme sahiptir. ...
Aşındırıcı Su Jeti Sisteminde Farklı Parametrelerle Kesilmiş Lif Levhanın Pürüzlülük Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
(2023) Pelit, Hüseyin; Yaman, Özkan
Bu çalışmada, aşındırıcı su jeti (ASJ) sisteminde farklı işleme parametreleri ile kesilen orta yoğunluklu lif levha (MDF) örneklerin kenar pürüzlülük özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 18, 36 ve 54 mm kalınlıklarında hazırlanmış olan lif levhalar, ASJ sistemi ile 50, 100 ve 200 mm/dk ilerleme hızı; 200, 300 ve 450 gr/dk aşındırıcı kütle akış oranı; 300 ve 380 MPa kesici sıvı basıncı uygulanarak kesilmiştir. Örneklerde kesim yüzeyi özellikleri Ra, Rq ve Rz pürüzlülük değerleri analiz edilerek belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, lif levha kalınlığı ve ASJ ilerleme hızı artışına bağlı olarak pürüzlülük özellikleri de artmıştır. Diğer taraftan, aşındırıcı miktarı ve kesici sıvı basıncındaki artış ile pürüzlülük değerleri genel olarak azalma eğilimi göstermiştir. Ancak, örneklerin pürüzlülük özelliklerinde levha kalınlığı ve ASJ ilerleme hızı parametreleri birinci derecede öneme sahipken, aşındırıcı akış oranı ve kesici sıvı basıncı parametrelerinin daha az bir öneme sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
THE COLOR CHANGING EFFECT OF THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF WOOD MATERIALS ON WATER BORNE VARNISHES
(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2012) Budakçı, Mehmet; Sönmez, Abdullah; Pelit, Hüseyin
One-component semi-matte (A) and two-component shiny (B) water-borne varnishes were applied on the surface of the test panels made of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) with 8%, 10%, and 12% moisture content in this study. The changes in color caused by the type of wood and moisture content on the water borne varnish layers were then investigated. The change of color in the samples was determined based on the statements in ASTM D 2224. It was determined that variations in the type of wood and moisture content affected water borne varnishes adversely, and the most apparent color change was observed in the Scots pine samples with 12% moisture content when varnish type B was applied.
Colour Characteristics of Densified and Thermally Post-Treated Beech and Pine Woods
(Muğla Üniversitesi, 2016) Pelit, Hüseyin
Effect of thermo-mechanical densification and thermal post-treatment on the colour parameters (L*, a*, b* and ΔE*) of beech (Fagus oriantalis L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood species were investigated. Wood specimens were densified at temperatures of 100 or 150 °C and compression ratios of 20% or 40%. Then, thermal post-treatment was applied to the specimens during 2 h at 190, 200, and 210 °C to provide dimensional stability in densified specimens. The colour change of the specimens was evaluated by CIEL*a*b* colour co-ordinate systems. The results showed that, the colour of the densified specimens at higher temperature and compression ratio was more changed. The compression temperature was more effective compared to compression ratio on the colour change ofspecimens. After the thermal post-treatment, colour characteristics of specimens have changed significantly depending on the increase in the treatment temperature, and specimens darkened. Densification processes haslittle effect on colour changes of the thermally post-treated specimens. The colour of pine specimens compared with the beech specimens more affected by the densification and thermal treatment applications. Morever, the change in a* value of specimens is more evident than the change in L* or b* values.
Decay Resistance and Color Change of Pine and Beech Wood Impregnated with R. Luteum and R. Ponticum Plant Extracts
(Zagreb Univ, Fac Forestry, 2021) Pelit, Hüseyin; Alkan, Ali; Yalçın, Mesut
In this study, the effect of impregnation with natural extracts on decay resistance and color change of pine and beech wood was analyzed. Flowers of Rhododendron luteum and Rhododendron ponticum plants were extracted according to the decoction method and aqueous solutions were prepared at different concentration levels (2 %, 4 % and 7 %). In addition, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and aluminum sulfate mordants were added to the solution to improve the properties of the extracts. Then the wood specimens were impregnated with the prepared solutions. The results indicated that the effect of plant species on the mass loss of specimens exposed to T. versicolor (white-rot fungus) was insignificant. Non-mordant extracts had a slight effect on the mass loss of the specimens. However, in pine and beech specimens impregnated with mordant-added (especially ferrous sulfate-added) extracts, mass loss was significantly reduced and resistance to fungal rot was almost completely achieved. The concentration level did not have a significant effect on the mass loss of specimens treated with mordant-added extracts. After impregnation, the L* value of all specimens (especially those treated with ferrous sulfate-added extracts) decreased and the specimens darkened. The a* and b* values increased in specimens treated with nonmordant and aluminum sulfate-added extracts and these specimens tend to have a red-yellow color. The a* value decreased and the b* value increased in wood specimens treated with copper sulfate-added extracts. The green-yellow color trend of these specimens increased. Both the a* and b* values of the specimens treated with ferrous sulfate-added extracts decreased and the green-blue color tendency increased in these specimens. The increase in the concentration level positively affected the determined color changes. The total color change (Delta E*) was higher in wood specimens (especially pine) treated with ferrous sulfate-added R. ponticum extracts.
Density and some mechanical properties of densified and heat post-treated Uludag fir, linden and black poplar woods
(Springer, 2018) Pelit, Hüseyin; Budakçı, Mehmet; Sönmez, Abdullah
The effects of thermo-mechanical densification and heat post-treatment on air-dry density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), and compression strength parallel to the grain (CS) of Uludag fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.), linden (Tiliagrandifolia Ehrh.), and black poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood samples were investigated. Samples were densified with compression ratios of 25 and 50%, and at 100 and 140 A degrees C. Then, the heat treatment was applied to the samples at 185 and 212 A degrees C for 2 h. According to the results of the study, density of all wood samples increased together with the increase of compression ratio. Regarding compression temperature, the highest density increase was obtained at 100 A degrees C. Mechanical strength (MOE, MOR, and CS) in densified samples increased depending on compression ratio and increase of density. The highest strength increase was in black poplar samples and the lowest was in linden samples. After heat post-treatment, mechanical strength of samples decreased depending on increase in treatment temperature. However, strength values (MOR except) of samples which are 50% compressed and heat-treated were found higher than control samples.
Density, hardness and strength properties of densified fir and aspen woods pretreated with water repellents
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2021) Pelit, Hüseyin; Emiroglu, Fatih
In this study, the effect of thermo-mechanical densification on the density, hardness, compression strength, bending strength (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of fir and aspen wood pretreated with water repellents was analyzed. Wood specimens were impregnated with paraffin, linseed oil and styrene after prevacuum treatment. Then, the impregnated wood specimens were densified with compression ratios of 20 and 40%, and at 120, 150 and 180 degrees C. The results indicated that the density, hardness and strength properties of the all densified specimens (untreated and impregnated) increased depending on the compression ratio and temperature. For all tested properties, higher increases were obtained in the paraffin and styrene pretreated specimens compared to untreated samples. However, the increase rates in linseed oil pretreated specimens were generally lower than untreated specimens. Regarding water repellents the most successful results in all tested properties were determined in styrene pretreated specimens. The density, hardness and strength properties of all specimens increased with the increase in compression ratio. On the other hand, the increase in the compression temperature negatively affects the properties of untreated and linseed oil pretreated specimens, while having a generally positive effect on the properties of paraffin pretreated specimens. However, all tested properties of styrene pretreated specimens have increased significantly due to the increase in compression temperature. The increasing strength properties of wood as a result of densification have increased much more with paraffin and especially styrene pretreatment. These combinations can be considered as an important potential for applications that require more hardness and strength.
DETERMINING THE SURFACE HARDNESS OF SOME DENSIFIED AND HEAT TREATED WOODS AFTER WATER BASED VARNISHING
(2015) Pelit, Hüseyin; Sönmez, Abdullah; Burdurlu, Erol; Usta, Erol
In this study was aimed at determining the surface hardness of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) woods to which water-based varnishes were applied after thermo-mechanical densification and heat treatment. Samples; after densifying by compression in the radial direction at 20% and 40% compression ratios, and at 110 °C and 150 °C, samples were subjected to 2 hours of heat treatment at 190 °C, 200 °C, and 210 °C. Then, surface of the samples were varnished with one-component and two-component water-based varnishes. The changes occurring in surface hardness of the samples were determined according to the bases of TS EN ISO 1522. According to results of the study; surface hardness increased 5,1% and 4,9% in densified scots pine and Eastern beech samples, respectively. Decreases were observed in the surface hardness of the samples because of the increase in heat treatment temperature. After the water-based varnish applications, increases of 23% and 5% were obtained in the surface hardness of scots pine and Eastern beech samples, respectively. Moreover, no difference was observed between one and two-component water-based varnishes in terms of surface hardness.
The effect of different wood varnishes on surface color properties of heat treated wood materials
(Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, 2017) Pelit, Hüseyin
This study investigates the effects of different wood varnishes on the surface color properties of heat treated wood. Samples prepared from Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are subjected to heat treatment at 190, 200, and 210 degrees C for 2 h. Sample surfaces are then covered with cellulosic (SZ), synthetic (ST), polyurethane (PU), and water-based (SB) wood varnishes, and the color properties of samples are determined according to the three-dimensional CIEL*a*b* color space. Results show a decrease in the L* and b* values of samples by 64% and 70%, respectively, depending on the process temperature after heat treatment. The a* value increases by up to 96% for Scots pine samples and up to 56% for beech samples. Color values of heat treated samples change significantly after varnish is applied; L* values of all samples are reduced compared to unvarnished samples and samples are seen to darken. However, the a* value of heat treated Scots pine samples increases significantly after varnishing, while that of heat-treated beech samples at high temperatures (200 and 210 degrees C) generally decreases. Nevertheless, the b* value decreases significantly in both wood species subjected to application of PU and ST varnishes, and the total color change (Delta E*) of varnished specimens is generally higher for samples heat-treated at 200 degrees C. Results show that ST varnish has the largest effect on color change and SB varnish has the smallest effect. The use of SB varnishes is thus preferable when it is necessary to preserve the color of samples from either species following heat treatment.
The effect of some chemicals on the color properties of Beech (Fagus Orientalis L.) wood
(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2017) Yıldız, Abdülkadir; Yapıcı, Fatih; Korkmaz, Mustafa; Pelit, Hüseyin
Aim of study: Wood material has a unique color in the natural condition. The wood colorization process is necessary to provide a tonality in the wood materials used in interior design and decoration and to obtain different colors. One of the most important steps of the coloring or bleaching process is selecting appropriate chemical for wood type. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, sodium silicate and acetic acid applied periodically three times on the color changes of radial and tangent sections of beech (Fagus Orientalis L.) samples. Area of study: This study was conducted at Karabuk University and Duzce University, in Turkey. Material and Methods: The color values of the samples were measured according to the CIEL*a*b* color system. Main results: As a result, the effect of cutting direction, chemical type, and application repeat on changes in the color values of beech samples was found significant. Research highlights: The maximum color change in the beech samples was determined in the radial section as cutting direction, in the application of the sodium silicate as the chemical type and it was also obtained in the third repeat as the number of applications.
The effect of some chemicals on the color properties of Beech (FagusOrientalis L.) wood
(2017) Yıldız, Abdülkadir; Yapıcı, Fatih; Korkmaz, Mustafa; Pelit, Hüseyin
Çalışmanın amacı: Doğal haldeki ağaç malzemenin kendine özgü bir rengi vardır. İç mimari ve dekorasyonda kullanılan ağaç malzemelerde renk uyumunu sağlamak veya farklı görüntüler elde etmek için çoğu zaman renklendirme ve renk açma işlemlerine ihtiyaç vardır. Renklendirme veya renk açma işleminin en önemli basamaklarından birisi ağaç türüne uygun kimyasalın seçilmesidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, kayın (Fagus Orientalis L.) odunundan radyal ve teğet kesitte hazırlanmış örneklere belirli aralıklarla üçer kez uygulanan hidrojen peroksit, amonyak, sodyum silikat ve asetik asit kimyasallarının örneklerde meydana getirdiği renk değişimini belirlemek içindir. Çalışma alanı: Bu çalışma Karabük Üniversitesi ve Düzce Üniversitesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Materyal ve Yöntem: Örneklerin renk değerleri CIEL*a*b* renk sistemine göre ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; kayın örneklerin renk değerlerindeki değişimde kesiş yönü, kimyasal çeşidi ve uygulanma tekrarı önemli bulunmuştur. Araştırma vurguları: Örneklerdeki en fazla renk değişiminin; kesiş yönü olarak radyal kesitte, kimyasal çeşidi olarak sodyum silikat uygulamasında ve uygulama sayısında ise üçüncü tekrarda olduğu belirlenmiştir
THE EFFECT OF THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF WOOD ON THE LAYER PERFORMANCE OF WATER-BORNE VARNISHES
(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2011) Sönmez, Abdullah; Budakçı, Mehmet; Pelit, Hüseyin
The test panels obtained from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) were initially adjusted to have 8%, 10%, and 12% moisture content in this study. One-component semi-matte and two-component water borne varnishes were applied on the surfaces in order to investigate the effect of the type and the moisture content of the wood on the hardness and the gloss values as well as the adhesion strength of the varnishes. The hardness of the test samples was evaluated based on the standard ANS/ISO1522, the gloss based on TS.4318 EN ISO 2813, and the adhesive strength based on ASTM D-4541. The results indicated that variations in the moisture content of the wood material adversely affected the layer performance of water-borne varnishes and that the best performance was obtained for the wood with moisture contents of 8% and 10%.
Effect of Water Based Varnishes Added Nano-Graphene on the Surface Properties of Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) Wood
(Gazi Univ, 2019) Pelit, Hüseyin; Korkmaz, Mustafa
In this study, surface glossiness, roughness, hardness, color change, and varnish adhesion resistance properties of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) wood samples coated with nano-graphene (NG) modified water based varnishes were investigated. 0.25%, 0.50% and 1% by weight of NG were added to the water-based varnish and the prepared solution was applied to the samples surfaces. According to the results of the research, the surface glossiness of the samples decreased and the roughness values increased slightly due to the increase of NG in the varnish. On the other hand, the increase in the amount of NG provided significant increases in varnish adhesion resistance up to 25%. The surface hardness value of beech samples increased up to 13% after varnishing. However in contrast to the predicted, effect of NG on hardness values was found to be insignificant. On the other hand, the values of L*, a* and b* decreased significantly with the increase of NG ratio. The samples were darkened and the green-blue color tendency of the samples increased. As a result, it may be recommended that NG addition can be prefer in the water based varnishes to provide high adhesion strength and in the surface darkening process.
Effect of Water Repellents on Hygroscopicity and Dimensional Stability of Densified Fir and Aspen Woods
(Zagreb Univ, Fac Forestry, 2020) Pelit, Hüseyin; Emiroglu, Fatih
This study investigated the effect of pre-impregnation with water-repellent agents on the hygroscopicity and dimensional stability of fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf) and aspen (Populus tremula L.) woods. After pre-vacuum treatment, the samples were impregnated at atmospheric pressure with paraffin, linseed oil and styrene, and then densified at compression rates of 20 % and 40 % at 120, 150 and 180 degrees C. The results showed that water repellents significantly affected the hygroscopicity and dimensional stability of the densified wood samples. Compression recovery rate (CRR), thickness swelling (TS), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and water absorption (WA) values of the densified samples decreased with impregnation pretreatments. The linseed oil treatment gave more positive CRR and TS results than paraffin. Lower EA/IC and WA values were found in the paraffin-treated samples. However, the most successful results for all tested properties were determined in the styrene pretreated samples in which hygroscopicity decreased and dimensional stability increased (especially for aspen) due to increases in the compression rate and temperature related to densification conditions. In the styrene pretreated samples, the high temperature (180 degrees C) and compression rate (40 %) significantly reduced CRR, TS, EA/IC and WA, total dimensional stability was nearly achieved and the water repellent effectiveness was close to 100 %.
The Effects of Densification and Heat Post-Treatment on Hardness and Morphological Properties of Wood Materials
(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2016) Budakçı, Mehmet; Pelit, Hüseyin; Sönmez, Abdullah; Korkmaz, Mustafa
This study investigated the effects of densification and heat post-treatment on the Janka hardness and microscopic structure of relatively low-density Uludag fir, linden, and black poplar woods. Wood samples were densified with compression ratios of 25% and 50% at 100 degrees C and 140 degrees C, respectively. Heat post-treatment was then applied to the samples at 185 degrees C and 212 degrees C for 2 h. The hardness in the radial and tangential directions was determined, and morphological changes in the cell structures were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hardness values in the radial and tangential directions of the densified samples increased depending on the compression rate and treatment temperature. The hardness values in both directions were higher in the 50% compressed samples. For samples compressed at 140 degrees C, the hardness values were higher in the tangential direction, whereas the samples compressed at 100 degrees C were higher in the radial direction. After the heat post-treatment process, the hardness values of all samples decreased. As the treatment temperature increased, more adverse effects on the hardness was noted. According to the SEM analyses, the densification and heat post-treatment deteriorated the cell structure of the samples. The more cell deformation was observed in the samples densified at 100 degrees C with compression ratio 50% and high heat post-treatment temperature.
Effects of Heat Post-Treatment on Dimensional Stability and Water Absorption Behaviours of Mechanically Densified Uludag Fir and Black Poplar Woods
(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2016) Pelit, Hüseyin; Budakçı, Mehmet; Sönmez, Abdullah
One of the most persistent problems with mechanically densified wood is its inherent dimensional instability. The effects of heat post-treatment on the changes in spring-back (SB), compression ratio recovery (CRR), thickness swelling (TS), and water absorption (WA) of newly-tested Uludag fir (Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.) and black poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood samples that had been thermo-mechanically densified were investigated. Samples were densified with compression ratios of 25% and 50% with temperatures of 100 and 140 degrees C, respectively. Then, the heat post-treatment was applied to the samples at 185 and 212 degrees C for 2 h. For the two newly-tested wood types, results of the preliminary study show that SB and TS were higher at a 50% compression ratio compared with 25%. Regarding densification temperature, TS was lower in samples densified at 140 degrees C, while SB was higher. WA values were lower in compressed samples (50%) at high rates. The effect of the densification temperature on WA was insignificant. Heat post-treatment had a considerable effect on the dimensional stability and hygroscopicity of the densified Uludag fir and black poplar samples. With an increase in heat treatment temperature, the dimensional stability increased, while the hygroscopicity of densified samples decreased. As a result of heat post-treatment applied at 212 degrees C, SB, CRR, TS, and WA decreased by 88%, 85%, 79%, and 53%, respectively.
Effects Of Paraffin Application, Heat Treatment, And Densification Process On Some Physical And Biological Properties Of Scotch Pine Wood
(ICENS, 2017) Yalçın, Mesut; Şahin, Halil İbrahim; Pelit, Hüseyin; Akçay, Çağlar
The aim of this study was to determine on the some physical and biological properties of paraffin applicated, heat treated, and densification process. In the study, three different process were applied: heat treatment at 1800C, hot paraffin application and densification at hot press temperatures. At the end of procedures, the physical properties such as anti-shrinkage efficiency and water absorption, as well as activity against Coriolus versicolor and Coniophora puteana wood destroying fungi were determined. The results shown that, while the anti-shrinkage efficiency was carried out higher than 80% until water immersion for 8 hours in paraffine applications, It was obtained lower than after this time. It can be seen that heat treatment and densification in paraffin-free specimens gave effective results on both fungal species. However, with paraffin application, efficacy against fungi has been variable. With the heat treatment application at 1800C, the weight loss was increased compared to the control samples, while the weight loss was the lowest value in densification samples with hot press.
Effects of Thermomechanical Densification and Heat Treatment on Density and Brinell Hardness of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Eastern Beech (Fagus orientalis L.)
(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2015) Pelit, Hüseyin; Sönmez, Abdullah; Budakçı, Mehmet
The effects of thermomechanical densification (TMD) and heat treatment on density and Brinell hardness of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) woods were investigated. Samples were densified using a specially designed hydraulic press with target compression ratios of 20 and 40%, and at 110 degrees C and 150 degrees C. Then, the heat treatment was applied to the samples at three different temperatures. To determine whether the changes occurred because of technological properties, tests of Brinell hardness and air-dry density were conducted. Increases of 42 and 35% were obtained for the density of Scots pine and beech samples, respectively. After the densification process, increases in radial and tangential hardness values were obtained. Decreases were observed in the density and hardness values of the samples because of the increase in temperature during heat treatment. After heat treatment, there were 4 and 5% decreases in the respective densities of Scots pine and beech, and decreases in their radial and tangential hardness values.

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