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    COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF STAND-ALONE HYBRID POWER SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT ENERGY STORAGES
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Ozturk, Zafer; Tosun, Salih; Ozturk, Ali; Akar, Onur
    Nowadays, increasingly technological improvements and population augmentation lead to searching for new energy resources. The limited energy resources against growing energy demand lead increase in the trend towards Renewable Energy Resources (RES) such as solar and wind. The lack of continuity in energy generation of RES due to weather conditions causes fluctuations in the power network. The energy surplus from RES can be charged, and then the stored energy can be discharged if needed to prevent the fluctuation. The utilization of storage increases energy costs. However, it is possible to reduce this cost thanks to proper energy management. Thus, it is of great importance to determine the most appropriate storage management according to generation and loading profile. In this study, management of a hybrid power system (HPS) is proposed for the facility location in Balikesir, Turkey. The proposed HPS includes modeling of solar panels (PV), wind turbine (WT), diesel generators (DC), and six different battery types. The technical and economic performances of HPS configurations containing six different battery types are optimized. Besides, the sensitivity of the results is analyzed. A new approach for optimal battery selection is presented to increase the efficiency of HPS.
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    Optimal planning of hybrid power systems under economic variables and different climatic regions: A case study of Türkiye
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Ozturk, Zafer; Terkes, Musa; Demirci, Alpaslan
    Renewable energy-based hybrid power systems (HPS), proposed based on demand in the transition to clean energy-indexed societies, are high-potential investments. However, cost-based optimal sizing and feasibility analyses are complicated due to unforeseen variables and do not guarantee a reliable and robust optimization framework. This study optimizes minimum-cost HPS planning for diverse loads across varied climates and economic conditions, providing holistic comparisons of technical, financial, and environmental viability. According to the analysis, fluctuating economic structure emphasizes that unsubsidized hybrid power system installations are inefficient, the severe imbalance between inflation and interest rates limits the benefits of hybrid power systems and creates an uncertain investment environment for stakeholders. The gradual increase in interest rates to limit inflation has created a more viable renewable energy investment environment, while payback periods are reduced to 7.21 years. Even under identical economic conditions, the renewable fraction of energy in regions with high solar potential can be up to 25 % higher than in regions with less potential. Moreover, payback periods can vary up to 6 years, depending on the variability in solar generation and load profiles. Considering the significant impact of economic uncertainty on HPS investments, optimization plans that reduce investment risks will be helpful to stakeholders.
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    Optimal sizing and feasibility analysis of second-life battery energy storage systems for community microgrids considering carbon reduction
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Terkes, Musa; Ozturk, Zafer; Demirci, Alpaslan; Tercan, Said Mirza
    The rapid development of distributed renewable energy has made energy storage essential for efficient operation. However, energy storage is challenging for prosumers due to high investment costs and long payback periods. The second use of batteries has been evaluated as an alternative energy storage after the first service in electric vehicles with the remaining 80% capacity. This study investigates the feasibility of using secondary-use batteries as shared storage for prosumers. Financial and technical break-even points regarding the gradually increasing carbon limit on the way to 100% renewable have been determined. The proposed method's performance has been verified by conducting sensitivity analyses regarding various environmental and economic characteristics. The self-consumption rates have been achieved by 65.9% in Spain (Madrid) and 49.9% in England (London), and 48.5% in Turkiye (Antalya) without incentive. Increasing the carbon tax by 1 $/t for high and low energy tariffs can reduce carbon emissions by 181.3 and 1607 kg/yr. The optimum sizes remain until the carbon tax threshold is 60 $/tCO2eq for high energy tariffs. After 60 $/tCO2eq, it is tended to enlarge the hybrid power system. However, severe carbon emission restriction for zero carbon targets prevents the optimum system design since the carbon reduction cost increases to 232.7-304.8 $/kg. This study encourages investors and prosumers to plan the shared energy storage system sensibly and guides governments to develop realistic incentive mechanisms to implement second-life batteries effectively.
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    Optimization of Renewable Energy Hybrid Power Systems Under Different Penetration and Grid Tariffs
    (Gazi Univ, 2023) Ozturk, Zafer; Demirci, Alpaslan
    The trend towards renewable energy sources (RES) is increasing daily due to energy demand, costs, and environmental concerns. This study investigates the technical, economic, and environmental impacts of changes in energy costs and incentives on hybrid power systems (HPS). Optimization results show optimal HPSs vary between 75-200% penetration (PR) depending on grid energy tariffs and energy sales constraints (GSC). In these scenarios, the renewable fraction (RF) increased to 80%, while the excess electricity (EE) increased to 10%. On the other hand, energy tariffs and grid constraints limit the PR increase in the optimal scenarios. This reduced the RF by up to 26%, limiting the use of clean energy. Due to load mismatch and grid constraints, there was a minimal increase in RF after 200% PR. In addition, removing incentives increased the cost of energy (COE) and total net present costs (NPC) by up to 96%. The results show that grid constraints and energy tariffs directly affect the economic and environmental performance of renewable energy investments and can slow down the pace of these investments. Moreover, it has become clear that controlled incentive packages must continue to achieve zero carbon targets.