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    Impact of various metal-oxide based nanoparticles and biodiesel blends on the combustion, performance, emission, vibration and noise characteristics of a CI engine
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Agbulut, Umit; Karagoz, Mustafa; Saridemir, Suat; Ozturk, Ahmet
    With the burning of 1 L of diesel fuel, approximately 3 kg of greenhouse gas is released into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is of great importance to reduce emissions with some additives in diesel engines. This study deals with the impacts of blends of waste cooking oil methyl ester and various metal-oxide based nanoparticles on the emission, combustion, performance, vibration and noise characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The test engine was loaded at different engine loads of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 Nm and a constant engine speed of 2000 rpm. In this investigation, various fuels [called as reference diesel (D100), 10 vol% of waste cooking oil methyl ester (B10), and finally the mass fractions of 100 ppm aluminium oxide (B10Al(2)O(3)), titanium oxide (B10TiO(2)) and silicon oxide (B10SiO(2)) into the B10, separately] were tested. The addition of metal-oxide based nanoparticles has firstly increased the viscosity, cetane number, and heating value of biodiesel. Higher oxygen atoms in biodiesel-nanoparticles blends have improved the quality of the combustion process. Higher peak point in CPmax and HRRmax could be reached in these nano fuels due to their lower cetane numbers than that of D100. CO, HC and NOx emissions were significantly reduced with the blending of nanoparticles and biodiesel in comparison with those of D100. The addition of nanoparticles highly improved engine performance. B10 had the lowest thermal efficiency due to its heating value, but its efficiency was converted to the highest one with the addition of nanoparticle. In conclusion, this study is suggesting that the addition of metal-oxide based nanoparticles into biodiesel blends can give better results than using biodiesel alone for diesel engines.
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    Malnutrition in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Associated Clinical Factors
    (Galenos Publ House, 2024) Gultekin, Murat; Ozer, Firuzan Firat; Akin, Sibel; Ozturk, Ahmet; Degirmenci, Yildiz
    Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive disease commonly affecting the elderly. Among patients with PD (pwPD), those above 60 years old are considered to be at high risk of malnutrition. Weight loss is a common complaint in pwPD. Thus, we defined the risk factors for malnutrition in geriatric pwPD. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 66 pwPD above the age of 60 years. Socio-demographic features were recorded and comprehensive geriatric assessments were evaluated. Malnutrition was assessed using a mini-nutritional assessment questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements including body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, and calf circumference (CC) were recorded. Results: Seven (10.6%) pwPD had malnutrition, 22 (33.3%) pwPD were at risk of malnutrition. Univariate logistic regression analysis results revealed that low CC, presence of dyskinesia, advanced Hoehn & Yahr stage, levodopa doses of >= 400 mg/day, and difficulty in swallowing (p=0.035, p=0.041, p=0.048, p=0.027 and p=0.007, respectively) were strongly related to malnutrition among the pwPD. Difficulty in swallowing was independently related to malnutrition in pwPD [odds ratio: 7.81 (confidence interval: 2.17-28.10), p=0.002]. Conclusion: PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the geriatric population and is likely to cause malnutrition because of several disabling symptoms in the progressive course of the disease, such as dysphagia. To avoid or delay poorer outcomes, clinicians should be careful to identify malnutrition with appropriate screening tools during follow-up of pwPD.