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Öğe Related Party Transactions from the Perspective of Public Shareholders(Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, 2025) Ozer, Ali; Unal, Serkan; Cepni, KerimTransactions between related parties, particularly those involving controlling shareholders, may pose a risk of financial detriment to minority shareholders while simultaneously providing a mechanism for controlling shareholders to accumulate profits in a manner that may be considered inequitable. This research seeks to examine the effects of related party transactions on shareholders from four distinct analytical angles, to enhance the investment decision-making process for investors. The study explores the relationship between related party transactions and several financial indicators of companies listed on Borsa Istanbul, including the free float ratio, stock price performance, dividend payout ratio, and Tobin's Q. The research utilized financial data from 339 companies listed on Borsa Istanbul, resulting in 1478 instances within an unbalanced panel data set. Methodologically, both fixed effects and random effects regression analyses were conducted. The analysis shows a positive relationship between debts owed to related parties and the free float ratio, as well as Tobin's Q ratio. Furthermore, a positive relationship is identified between receivables from related parties and the free float ratio, while a negative relationship is observed between receivables from related parties and Tobin's Q ratio. These findings corroborate the existence of agency costs and conflicts of interest between majority shareholders and minority shareholders. Despite the statistical significance of the findings, it is pertinent to note that the explanatory efficacy of the equations utilized is relatively modest.Öğe Stock Market Reaction to Covid-19 Vaccination Rate: International Study(Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2022) Unal, Serkan; Comlekci, Istemi; Ozer, AliObjective: In this study, the relationship between the Covid-19 vaccination rates in different countries and the performance of stock market indices were examined. The study aims to supply further evidence for policymakers to promote vaccination programs. Methods: In the study, stock market performances and Covid-19 vaccination data of a total of 49 countries in the MSCI indices were used. Countries are sorted and grouped according to the date they reached the 10%, 50%, and 75% vaccination rates. Afterward, t-tests were used to determine whether there was a difference between the stock market returns of the countries in different groups according to their vaccination performances. Results: This research shows that countries with rapid Covid-19 vaccination have lower volatility and higher performance in the stock markets. It has been determined that the stock market performances are higher in the countries which reached the 10% and 50% vaccination level of the population earlier. No statistically significant relationship was found between reaching the 75% vaccination level and the stock market performance. The first quartile of countries that completed 10% vaccination earlier have %9.7 higher stock market performance on average between 31.12.2020-28.05.2021 than the countries in the last quartile. Research results are also robust when tested separately for developed and emerging markets. Conclusions: The results of the study show that vaccination has a positive contribution to financial markets. It is thought that the findings obtained in the research provide important information for investors and policymakers.