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Öğe Assessing the possibility of airborne bismuth accumulation and spatial distribution in an urban area by tree bark: A case study in Duzce, Turkiye(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Isinkaralar, Kaan; Isinkaralar, Oznur; Koc, Ismail; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, HakanHeavy metal accumulation has been a hot topic of many studies in recent years, as they are toxic elements that can be highly harmful to human health and the environment. The metal concentrations of some trees used for monitoring air quality give information about the pollutant sources in the ambient atmosphere. In this study, P. pinaster, C. arizonica, P. orientalis, C. atlantica, and P. menziesii were determined to investigate their use as biomonitors for air quality. Metallic bismuth and bismuth compounds, which have been widely used in several industries, have low toxicity to humans, although bismuth toxicity can show over-dosage depending on its application. The variability of bismuth levels in the organs of the species was investigated to explain atmospheric deposition over the years. The bismuth accumulation of C. arizonica and P. pinaster increases depending on time interval. The ascending-descending trend in other species could not be obtained clearly via dry and wet deposition of atmospheric metals. Our analysis reveals that the total deposit (barks and wood) of P. pinaster, C. arizonica, P. orientalis, C. atlantica, and P. menziesii were 134, 115, 94, 131, and 148 mg/kg, respectively, and they have been quite clearly reflected atmospheric bismuth deposition. The bismuth concentration has significantly increased since the 1983 sampling; P. menziesii can be valuable bioindicators for highlighting polluted areas. Compared with the traditional air samplers, the proposed P. menziesii bioindicator is proven to be more effective, low cost, and sustainable and thus has broad application prospects in bismuth concentration.Öğe Assessing Tree Species for Monitoring and Mitigating Strontium Pollution in Urban Environments(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Kulac, Semsettin; Pulatoglu, Ayse Ozturk; Koc, Ismail; Sevik, Hakan; Ozel, Halil BarisAir pollution, particularly heavy metal contamination, has emerged as a critical global issue, posing significant human and environmental health risks over the past century. Strontium (Sr), a highly hazardous heavy metal, even at small concentrations, is classified as a priority contaminant by international organizations due to its potential adverse effects. This study aimed to specify the most appropriate plant species for observing and mitigating Sr contamination. Samples were collected from Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir), Tilia tomentosa (Silver linden), and Fraxinus excelsior (European ash or common ash) growing in D & uuml;zce, T & uuml;rkiye, one of the five most unclean towns in European countries according to the 2021 World Air Pollution Report. Variations in Sr concentrations over the past 60 years were analyzed based on tree species, tree organs, direction, and age group. The findings reveal that these species are unsuitable as biomonitors for tracking Sr pollution trends. However, all three species demonstrated the ability to accumulate significant levels of Sr in their wood, making them viable candidates for phytoremediation efforts. Among the species studied, European ash trees were the most effective in reducing Sr contamination, with the highest Sr accumulation in wood (11.36 mg/kg).Öğe Assessment of metals (Ni, Ba) deposition in plant types and their organs at Mersin City, Türkiye(Springer, 2024) Koc, Ismail; Canturk, Ugur; Isinkaralar, Kaan; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, HakanThe increase in heavy metal concentrations in the air, especially after the Industrial Revolution, is notable for the scientific world because of the adverse effects that threaten environmental and human health. Among the trace elements, nickel (Ni) is carcinogenic, and all barium (Ba) compounds are toxic. Trace elements are critical for human and environmental health. Their threat further increases, especially in the urban areas and surroundings with a high population. In urban areas, the trace element contamination in the airborne can be reduced using plants. However, which plant and plant organs absorb trace elements could not be determined. In the present study, Ni and Ba concentrations in the branch, wood, and leaf samples of 14 species collected from the city center of Mersin province were determined. As a result, broad-leaved species' Ni and Ba concentrations in their leaf sample were generally higher than other species. Almost all species had the lowest Ni and Ba concentrations in their wood samples. Among these 14 species, it was found that Ni concentration was very high, especially in non-washed leaves of Platanus orientalis, Photinia serrulata, and Citrus reticulate, and Ba concentration was very high in Citrus reticulata, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Laurus nobilis, and Acer hyrcanum. Using broad-leaved species in urban areas where pollution is at high levels will significantly contribute to reducing Ni and Ba pollution. It is recommended that these points be considered in future urban landscaping projects.Öğe Atmospheric Trace Metal Exposure in a 60-Year-Old Wood: A Sustainable Methodological Approach to Measurement of Dry Deposition(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Isinkaralar, Kaan; Isinkaralar, Oznur; Koc, Ismail; Sevik, Hakan; Ozel, Halil BarisUrban trees are essential in improving environmental quality and enhancing human welfare in urban areas. They are being utilized increasingly as biomonitors of air and dust-borne heavy metals through dendrochemistry and comparative analytical methods. This study investigated the foremost concern essential nutrient metals, including aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe); also trace metals (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb)) in worldwide-distributed trees in units of mg kg(-1 )dry weight (d.w). For retrospective analysis, we hypothesized that its feasibility as a bioindicator of air pollution in D & uuml;zce, T & uuml;rkiye, among the tree species should be assessed. Digested tree wood samples were processed via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for all metals to test this hypothesis. Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis were utilized to determine the origin of elements. The results showed that (i) the mean concentrations of the species were presented to be Fe (156 mg kg(-1) d.w) > Al (100.56 mg kg(-1) d.w) > Cr (15.82 mg kg(-1) d.w) > Cu (12.43 mg kg(-1) d.w) > Pb (6.76 mg kg(-1) d.w) > Ni (5.98 mg kg(-1) d.w) > Co (2.16 mg kg(-1) d.w) > Cd (0.47 mg kg(-1) d.w); ii) analysis of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and metal accumulation index (MAI) showed that the maximum BCF and MAI value was stored in the Cupressus arizonica (2.30 for Pb) and Robinia pseudoacacia (70.65) in all species; iii) the tree woods were also capable of discriminating between affected areas, as sites near industrial and vehicular traffic indicated higher metal content. For this reason, it can be deduced that C. arizonica wood is a potentially suitable sink of atmospheric metal.Öğe Climate change impacts on Taxus baccata distribution and conservation(Northeast Forestry Univ, 2025) Cetin, Ilknur Zeren; Ozel, Halil Baris; Varol, Tugrul; Canturk, Ugur; Sevik, HakanThis study looks at the impact of climate change on the future distribution of Taxus baccata L., a species under threat. It examines how altitudinal changes may influence distribution, projecting scenarios to 2100 using the SSPs 585 SSPs 245 scenarios in 20-year intervals. The results show a contraction in distribution in areas such as in Iceland and the United Kingdom, with certain extreme points disappearing. Simultaneously, new suitable areas are expected to emerge in select regions of Asia. The study underscores the significant changes anticipated in the distribution of T. baccata due to global climate change. It suggests that the threshold for addressing climate change on this particular species has been exceeded, and emphasizes the need for concerted efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts on ecosystems and organisms. As climate change affects various aspects of life, the study advocates for sector-wide plans. These would include efficient resource utilization, selecting genotypes for afforestation of this species with lower water requirements, incorporating climate change predictions into management plans, conserving biological and genetic diversity, and developing in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies. Anticipation of future climate changes and corresponding measures in response are crucial to minimizing the impact on this species. The study recommends establishing mixed forests composed of species resilient to a range of climate scenarios, thereby enhancing forest continuity across regions with varying degrees of climate impact. Genetic diversity is an important defense mechanism important to preserving it. Global climate change will result in significant alterations in the distribution of certain species, potentially causing population declines. Intervention is required to support the adaptation of vulnerable species, necessitating forward-looking strategies that anticipate shifts in their habitat suitability. This study emphasizes the implications of climate change for T. baccata and underscores the urgency of targeted conservation efforts to protect its populations and ensure long-term persistence.Öğe Dose-dependent effects of CuO nanoparticles on germination and early seedling growth in Prunus avium(Inst Forestry Lrcaf, 2025) Ozel, Halil Baris; Koc, Ismail; Yildiz, Yafes; Sevik, HakanNanoparticle pollution results from the release of nanoparticles into the environment, which are widely used in many areas today. For this reason, studies on nanoparticle pollution have gained significant momentum in recent years. However, studies on the effects of nanoparticle pollution on forest ecosystems and forest trees are restricted. The current study aimed to reveal the effects of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, which are known for their high toxicity compared to other metal oxide nanoparticles, on the seed germination and seedling traits of Prunus avium. Seeds from 15 geographically diverse Turkish populations were treated with CuO nanoparticle solutions at five concentrations (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 mg/L) to evaluate nanoparticle effects. Multiple growth parameters were quantified, including germination success (rate and percentage), radicle dimensions (length and thickness), and plumule elongation. The study results reveal that CuO nanoparticle applications affect all characters except the germination rate. Generally, germination and seedling traits are positively affected at low nanoparticle doses. However, with increasing doses, the parameters begin to decrease, and when using nanoparticles in high doses, a decrease is observed that can exceed 25% compared to the control group. In addition, it was found that there was a significant decline in both germination characteristics and seedling development as the dose increased after exceeding a certain dose level (400 and 600 mg/L). Significant differences were also found among seed populations. The lowest values for most parameters were recorded in the populations of Karab & uuml;k/Yenice and Bolu/ Mudurnu, whereas the highest ones were observed in the populations of Tekirda & gbreve;/& Scedil;ark & ouml;y, & Ccedil;anakkale/Lapseki, and Kocaeli/Kefken, Turkey.Öğe Identification of proper species that can be used to monitor and decrease airborne Sb pollution(Springer, 2024) Cantürk, Uğur; Koc, İsmail; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, H.Heavy metal concentrations, which have increased continuously in the environment this century due to anthropogenic factors, severely threaten human and environmental health. Antimony (Sb) is one of the most toxic and harmful heavy metals in terms of human and environmental health. Therefore, the priority research subjects are monitoring the alteration of Sb pollution in the airborne and reducing pollution. This study was conducted to conclude the proper species to monitor and drop airborne Sb contamination on trees grown in Düzce, the 5th most polluted European city. This study examined samples taken from Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus arizonica, Pinus pinaster, Picea orientalis, and Cedrus atlantica, and the Sb concentration changes based on tree species, route, tissue, and age range in the last 40 years were evaluated. The study hypothesizes that Sb concentration varies depending on (1) tree species, (2) direction, (3) plant tissue, and (4) age range, all confirmed in this study. In conclusion, the maximum concentrations were achieved in the outer bark and east (5.45 µg g−1) and north directions (6.72 µg g−1), with high traffic density. In addition, the mining and industrial places (sources of metal pollution) are not close to the study area. Therefore, it was concluded that traffic pollution was the primary source of Sb pollution in the study area. The study revealed that C. arizonica is the most suitable species for monitoring and reducing the change in Sb pollution because the highest Sb concentration (4.47 µg g−1) in wood (the largest organ) was obtained in C. arizonica. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Öğe Impacts of climate change scenarios on European ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in Turkey(Elsevier, 2021) Varol, Tugrul; Canturk, Ugur; Cetin, Mehmet; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, HakanClimate change is expected to have various impacts on forest ecosystems through drought, heat stress, insect invasions and forest fires. Therefore, lack of taking the necessary measures in time will lead to the extinction or endangerment of valuable species. The entropy method was used in order to estimate the geographic distribution of Fraxinus excelsior L. available in Turkey under present and future climate conditions. 19 bioclimatic variables obtained from the monthly data within 30 provinces, where Fraxinus excelsior L. was found in Turkey, as well as the topographic variable of elevation were used in the modelling process. The results show that Fraxinus excelsior L. is largely affected by precipitation in the driest month, the driest quarter and the hottest quarter. According to the response curve of Fraxinus excelsior L. in Turkey, it is observed that it prefers the habitats with average precipitation of 22 mm in the driest month, average precipitation of 100 mm in the driest quarter and the precipitation over 70 mm in the hottest quarter. The SSPs 245 and SSPs 585 climate scenarios, respectively, show that the geographic distribution of Fraxinus excelsior L. will narrow by 7.58% and 6.28% in 2100. All of these results show that species response to the individual and communal impacts as well as the impacts at ecosystem scale dictated by climate change by changing their climatic niches. Most of the plant species that lack an effective and rapid migration ability will have difficulty in finding suitable habitat areas. Thus, the ecological consequences of the narrowing experienced in the foreseen borders may have serious consequences for both the management and protection of forests.Öğe Possible Changes of Pinus nigra Distribution Regions in Türkiye with the Impacts of Global Climate Change(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2024) Canturk, Ugur; Koc, Ismail; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, HakanGlobal climate change poses significant threats to ecosystems worldwide, particularly impacting long-lived forest tree species such as Pinus nigra. This study assessed the potential shifts in distribution areas for Pinus nigra, an important tree species, one highly vulnerable to global climate change, given its prevalence in continental climates, in T & uuml;rkiye under different climate scenarios (SSPs 585 and 245). In this study, suitable distribution regions of Pinus nigra were evaluated based on SSPs 585 and SSPs 245 using nine different models. Results indicated potential losses in Pinus nigra distribution areas ranging from 15.0% to 43.5% (SSPs 245) and 19.7% to 48.9% (SSPs 585) by 2100. However, in 2100, new suitable distribution areas are expected to be formed at rates ranging from 13.8% to 32.1% and 15.1% to 34.4% according to the above scenarios. Because most of the newly formed suitable distribution regions are quite far from the areas where the species currently spreads, it seems necessary to provide the migration mechanism needed by the species by humans to prevent population losses in this process.Öğe Using Trees to Monitor Airborne Cr Pollution: Effects of Compass Direction and Woody Species on Cr Uptake during Phytoremediation(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2025) Pulatoglu, Ayse Ozturk; Koc, Ismail; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, Hakan; Yildiz, YafesAmong the heavy metals (HMs) whose concentrations in natural environments have risen considerably in the last era, chromium (Cr) is one of the most toxic. Because of the risks it poses to human and environmental health, it is of great importance to screen the variation in Cr contamination in the atmosphere and decrease the pollution. This study aimed to determine the proper tree species that can be used to monitor and reduce Cr contamination. For this aim, studies were conducted on Tilia tomentosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Cedrus atlantica, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Fraxinus excelsior species growing in D & uuml;zce, which is among the 5 most contaminated European towns according to the World Air Pollution report. Samples taken from these trees were examined, and changes in Cr concentration depending on species, organs, compass direction, and age range in the last 60 years were evaluated. Results indicated higher Cr pollution in recent years, consistent with higher traffic density, but that there was no consistent effect of compass direction. It was also determined that the tree species most appropriate for screening the variation in Cr contamination in the airborne were Tilia tomentosa, and the most appropriate species for decreasing pollution were Robinia pseudoacacia and Cedrus atlantica.
