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  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Assessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of endangered endemic plant Barbarea integrifolia DC. (Brassicaceae) in Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2014) Filiz, Ertuğrul; Osma, Etem; Kandemir, Ali; Tombuloğlu, Hüseyin; Tombuloğlu, Güzin; Birbilener, Seda; Aydın, Mehtap
    Barbarea integrifolia DC. ( Brassicaceae) is an endangered and endemic species located in Erzincan and Gumushane provinces of Turkey. In total, 27 individuals from 2 natural populations were assessed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction ( RAPD- PCR) method coupled with sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer ( ITS1) rDNA region. Genetic accuracy of RAPD- PCR was tested with 25 RAPD primers, and it resulted in 115 clear and reproducible DNA fragments from 13 RAPD primers. Among these, 76 ( 66.1%) fragments were found to be polymorphic. According to the ITS1 analysis of B. integrifolia populations, the plants exhibited a relatively poor genetic diversity. In total, 60 ITS1 nucleotide sequences from the GenBank database with 2 newly identified ITS1 sequences from the Turkish populations were used to construct a maximum- likelihood tree. The lengths of ITS1 sequences of B. integrifolia were found to be 268 bp for population I and 271 bp for population II. ITS1 sequences of B. integrifolia species showed 97% sequence identity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Barbarea species were monophyletic and showed high bootstrap values. B. integrifolia had closer relationships with Cardamineae taxa, including Cardamine, Rorippa, and Armoracia. On the contrary, allied genus Nasturtium species were separated from Cardamineae taxa. The genetic information obtained from this study could be used for the development of conservation strategies not only for B. integrifolia but also for rare and endangered plant species.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Characterization of wound-induced serine protease inhibitor (wip1) genes and proteins in Turkish maize varieties
    (Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2014) Filiz, Ertuğrul; Tombuloğlu, Hüseyin; Koç, İbrahim; Osma, Etem
    Protease inhibitors (PIs) are generally small proteins that have been identified in plants. The wip1 gene codes for wound-induced protein, which is similar to serine PIs of the Bowman-Birk family (BBIs). In this study, we analyzed 10 wip1 genes of Turkish maize varieties to understand the structure and characteristics of the wip1 genes and proteins in maize. We found that genetic variability of wip1 genes was higher (pi: 0.0173) than reported in previous studies. Tajima's D value was found to be positive (1.73), suggesting over-dominant selection in these loci. According to phylogenetic analysis of wip1 proteins, monocot and dicot BBIs were separated independently, and Turkish varieties were clustered with each other generally. The 3D structures of wip1 proteins indicated that several wip1 proteins had structural divergence in active loops, containing various numbers of cysteine residues ranging between 7 and 9. Particularly, Cys74 was identified in Kocbey and Gozdem varieties, whereas Cys98 was only in the Gozdem variety. Also, a critical serine residue (Ser98) was observed in two varieties - Antbey and Batem Efe. These results can contribute to understanding the role of wip1 genes and corresponding proteins in maize.