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    Characterization of some local and commercial bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with allele-specific DNA markers
    (İbrahim İlker ÖZYİĞİT, 2024) Ocaktan, Harun; Güngör, Hüseyin; Dumlupınar, Ziya
    Landraces play a significant role as genetic reservoirs in wheat breeding studies. Advances in functional marker technology have facilitated early and more precise selection processes. This study involved the characterization of a total of 96 bread wheat genotypes, comprising 76 landraces and 20 registered cultivars, utilizing allele-specific DNA markers targeting various genes including those for gluten strength, yellow rust resistance, stem rust resistance, dwarfness, rye translocation, hardiness. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of 148 alleles, with an average of 21.14 alleles per marker, and an average polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.5625. Specific genes such as the rye translocation gene were identified in genotypes 161 and 884, while the grain hardiness gene was found in genotypes 672, 3088, 3384, 3414, and 3541. The stem rust resistance gene was detected in the cultivar Adana-99, the yellow rust resistance gene in genotypes 1635 and 2115, and the grain hardiness gene in 31 genotypes including the cultivar Masaccio. Based on the dendrogram analysis, genotype 3652 exhibited around 93% genetic similarity with the cultivar Masaccio, while genotypes 2190, 2715, and 2897 showed similarity to genotype 2946. Genotypes 2959 and 2960 and genotypes 3334 and 3359 shared approximately 91% genetic similarity.
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    Heterosis and Diallel Analysis of Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat F1 Generation
    (2024) Ocaktan, Harun; Güngör, Hüseyin; Dumlupınar, Ziya
    In this study, half-diallel crosses were performed using six wheat genotypes (Adana-99, Flamura-85, Masaccio, Lucilla, 1635 and 2115). This research was conducted in Kahramanmaras ecological conditions during the 2019-2020 growing season in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Heading date (HD), grain filling period (GFP), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), spike length (SL), grain number per spike (GNS), grain weight per spike (GWS), thousand kernel weight (TKW), grain yield per plant (GY), and chlorophyll content of flag leaf (SPAD value) traits were investigated on F1 plants and parents. When the mean values of parents and F1 generations were examined, F1 mean values were higher than the mean values of parents in heading date (134.06 days), days to maturity (164.04 days), spike length (13.31 cm), grain number per spike (51.64 units), grain weight per spike (2.11 g), thousand-grain weight (36.58 g), grain yield per plant (35.99 g), and chlorophyll content of flag leaf (49.60 SPAD), while lower in grain filling period (41.77 days) and plant height (88.80 cm). According to diallel analyses, it was found that HD, DM, GFP, PH, GWS, and SPAD traits had additive and dominant gene effects, while SL, GNS, TKW, and GY traits had significant dominant gene effects. Partial dominance was observed for HD, DM, PH, GWS, GY, and SPAD traits, while superior dominance was observed for GFP, SL, GNS, and TKW traits. The effects of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all the traits studied. Positive average heterosis and heterobeltiosis values were determined for GNS, GWS, TKW, and GY traits. In terms of grain yield per plant, the genotypes Adana-99, Lucilla, and Masaccio were identified as potential parents for breeding programs. Combinations of 1635 × 2115, Masaccio × Lucilla, Adana-99 × Lucilla, Adana-99 × Masaccio, Adana-99 × 1635, and Flamura-85 × Lucilla were identified as promising hybrids for grain yield.