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    Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda : Parasitaphelenchidae) species associated with Pinus species in northern Turkey
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2008) Akbulut, Süleyman; Vieira, Paulo; Ryss, Alexander; Valadas, Vera; Keten, Akif; Mota, Manuel
    A survey for Bursaphelenchus nematodes, associated with different conifer trees, was conducted in several forest areas in the northern regions of Turkey. Only pine trees (Pinus nigra, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris) yielded Bursaphelenchus specimens. Nematodes were identified using several morphological diagnostic characters of the genus (male spicule structure, number of lateral incisures, number and distribution of the male papillae, presence of female vulval flap), and confirmed by using RFLP analysis of the internal transcriber spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. Three different species were identified from several sampled areas, namely B. mucronatus, B. pinophilus and B. sexdentati, representing a first report of the last two species for Turkey. The association of B. pinophilus with black pine (P. nigra) is herein reported for the first time.
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    Pine Wilt Disease: A Threat to Pine Forests in Turkey?
    (Springer, 2008) Akbulut, Süleyman; Yüksel, Beşir; Baysal, İsmail; Vieira, Paulo; Mota, Manuel
    The pinewood nematode (PWN), is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, and constitute one of the most important pathogens of conifer forests. In 1999, this nematode was found and identified for the first time in Portugal and in Europe. The detection of this quarantine pest in Portugal has prompted the need to know more about the distribution of Bursaphelenchus spp. in coniferous trees in Europe in order to describe the geographic range of the species and to act quickly in case of the nematode's unwanted introduction into other European regions. Pine forest has a wide distribution in Turkey, which increases the number of susceptible host trees for the PWN. Because of these reasons, some regions of Turkey were surveyed for the presence of the nematode. Three different species of Bursaphelenchus were found, however, B. xylophilus was not detected. The detection of B. mucronarus, very similar to B. xylophilus biologically and morphologically, is very important. The presence of this species indicates that B. xylophilus could spread easily into the conifer forests of Turkey. Biological characteristics of M. galloprovincialis were compared with M. carolinensis, the North American insect vector, and some of them were found to be similar.
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    Preliminary survey of the pinewood nematode in Turkey
    (2006) Akbulut, Süleyman; Vieira, Paulo; Ryss, Alexander; Yüksel, Beşir; Keten, Akif; Mota, Manuel; Valadas, Vera
    A survey was conducted in the northern conifer forests of Turkey in 2003 and 2004 for the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Wood samples were collected from declining pine trees, located in the following target areas: Düzce, Ankara, Bolu, and Artvin. Nematodes were extracted from over 310 samples and were observed and identified. B. xylophilus was not detected in any samples. Bursaphelenchus species were only found in 6% of the samples. From the B. xylophilus-group, only the species B. mucronatus was reported. Species identification was performed from morphological characters, particularly male spicules, and by molecular analysis with ITS-RFLP. © The Authors (2006).