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Öğe Büyük Akgöl’deki Su Kirliliğinin Scardinius erythrophthalmus ve Perca fluviatilis Türleri Üzerindeki Genotoksik Etki Potansiyelinin Araştırılması(Ekoloji ve Ekotoksikoloji Derneği, 2025) Meredova, Guncha; Rasgele, Pınar Göç; Kırankaya, Şerife GülsünBu çalışma, Sakarya ili sınırları içerisinde yer alan Büyük Akgöl’de yaşayan omnivor tür Scardinius erythrophthalmus ile karnivor tür Perca fluviatilis üzerinde ağır metal birikimi ve buna bağlı genotoksik etkileri değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, balıklardan alınan periferik kan örneklerinde mikronükleus (MN) ve eritrosit çekirdek anormallikleri yöntemleri kullanılarak genotoksik etki potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, kas dokusunda biriken Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Co, Cr ve Hg gibi ağır metallerin düzeyleri analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, çevresel kirleticilerin etkilerini yansıtan önemli düzeyde genotoksik yanıtlar her iki türde de gözlemlenmiştir. S. erythrophthalmus bireylerinde MN oranı %16’ya kadar artış gösterirken, P. fluviatilis bireylerinde bu oran %1,80 seviyesinde kalmıştır. Ayrıca, çekirdek anormalliklerinin sıklığı da türler arasında farklılık göstermiştir. Ağır metal analizlerinde, her iki türün kas dokusunda Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Al ve Cr gibi metallerin yüksek düzeylerde biriktiği belirlenmiş, ancak bu değerlerin çoğu referans sınırlar arasında ya da altında kalmıştır. Bu bulgular, Büyük Akgöl’deki kirliliğin balıklar üzerinde genetik düzeyde biyolojik etkiler yarattığını ve ağır metallerin balık sağlığı açısından potansiyel riskler oluşturabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Büyük Akgöl çevresindeki tarım arazilerinde tarımsal kimyasal kullanımı sınırlandırılmalı ve evsel ile endüstriyel atıklar etkin şekilde kontrol altına alınmalıdır. Ağır metallerin neden olduğu genotoksik etkilerin izlenebilmesi için P. fluviatilis ve S. erythrophthalmus gibi farklı trofik düzeylerdeki türler üzerinde mevsimsel ve uzun vadeli biyomonitoring çalışmaları yürütülmelidir. Ayrıca, balıklarda biriken metallerin planktondan yırtıcı balıklara kadar besin zinciri boyunca taşınabileceği göz önünde bulundurularak, ekosistem temelli koruma stratejileri geliştirilmelidir.Öğe Comparison of Genotoxic Efficiency in Invasive Gibel Carp and Native Crucian Carp Populations in Lake Büyük Akgöl (Sakarya,Türkiye)(Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 2025) Meredova, Guncha; Rasgele, Pınar Göç; Kırankaya, Şerife GülsünInvasive species are expanding rapidly across freshwater ecosystems, often outcompeting native fauna and inducing profound ecological disruptions. Carassius gibelio, a pervasive invader in European inland waters, poses a major threat to native biodiversity through its ecological plasticity and high competitive ability. This study evaluates the genotoxic responses of the native Carassius carassius and invasive C. gibelio to heavy metal contamination in Büyük Akgöl (Sakarya Drainage, Türkiye). Heavy metals including As, Hg, Cd, Cr, and Pb were analyzed due to their significance as primary indicators of aquatic pollution. Genotoxicity was evaluated using micronucleus (MN), erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA), and Comet assays. MN and ENA frequencies were significantly higher in C. carassius during winter and summer, whereas C. gibelio showed increased MN frequencies in spring and autumn. Comet assay results indicated greater DNA damage in C. gibelio during winter and summer, while C. carassius exhibited elevated damage in winter and spring. Correlations between MN frequencies and Hg/Cd concentrations suggest higher metal sensitivity in C. carassius. Species-specific biological traits, seasonal metabolic variation, and pollutant interactions likely contribute to observed differences. The findings underscore substantial genotoxic impacts of metal pollution on both species, highlighting their differential biomarker responses and the ecological risk posed by contaminant exposure in the lake.Öğe The Genoprotective Role of Laurocerasus officinalis: Study on Genotoxic/Antigenotoxic and Cytotoxic/Anticytotoxic Effects in Human Lymphocytes(Wiley, 2025) Yildiz, Esra; Meredova, Guncha; Aksoy, HuseyinLaurocerasus officinalis, a valuable medicinal plant, has rich flavonoid and anthocyanin content, providing benefits for various diseases. It also has ethnopharmacological uses such as diuretics and antidiabetics. Phenolic compounds exhibit their anticarcinogenic effects directly by repairing DNA damage and reducing chromosomal abnormalities. This study aims to investigate genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity and cytotoxicity/anticytotoxicity of L. officinalis extract in human peripheral lymphocytes by the methods of chromosomal aberration (CA), cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test, and mitotic index value. The doses of L. officinalis extract were determined as 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 mu g/mL for the genotoxicity test, and mitomycin C (MMC) was added to induce DNA damage for the investigation of antigenotoxicity. In both applications (24 and 48 h), all doses, positive control (MMC) and negative control (sterile dH2O), were used. In CA and CBMN tests for genotoxicity, no significant differences existed between all doses and the solvent control group (p > 0.05). In antigenotoxic activity, doses added with MMC were significantly lower than positive control (p < 0.05). For both the 24-hour and 48-hour periods, the percentage of abnormal cells and the CAs per cell ratio were significantly lower at all L. officinalis extract concentrations compared to the positive control. Additionally, as the treatment concentration increased, the CA ratio showed a decreasing trend. These differences were strongly dose-dependent compared to the positive control (r = -0.799). In all concentrations in the CBMN test, the frequencies were significantly lower than the positive control, and the higher the L. officinalis extract concentrations, the lower the micronuclei (MN). There was a strong dose-dependent relationship in MN formation compared to positive control (r = -0.925). Therefore, L. officinalis extract has no genotoxic effect on human lymphocytes and also has antigenotoxic and protective effect to the damage of MMC. In the mitotic index result, the L. officinalis extract was cytotoxic at only one dose (125 mu g/mL) but anticytotoxic at all other doses against MMC exposure. In conclusion, consuming L. officinalis medicinally benefits and may protect against exposure to genotoxic agents.Öğe In Vitro Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Phenoxyethanol in Human Lymphocytes: A Commonly Used Preservative in Cosmetics(Wiley, 2025) Kara, Ikbal Hesna; Yildiz, Esra; Meredova, Guncha; Aksoy, HueseyinPhenoxyethanol is widely used as a preservative in many cosmetic products and is considered to be safe. although there are some toxicity studies on phenoxyethanol, no detailed research evaluating its genotoxicity in human lymphocytes is available in the literature. This study aims to assess phenoxyethanol ' s cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. For evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of phenoxyethanol, chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests were applied In both tests, lymphocyte cultures were treated with three concentrations (50, 25, 12.5 mu g/mL) of phenoxyethanol and control groups (solvent, positive and negative controls). When examining the results of the chromosomal aberration test (CA) and the micronucleus test (MN), no significant differences were observed between the solvent control group and the application concentrations in either test. For the evaluation of cytotoxicity, mitotic index results showed a significant decrease at higher doses (50 and 25 mu g/mL) compared to the solvent control. In conclusion, phenoxyethanol did not exhibit genotoxic effects (clastogenic and aneugenic) on human peripheral lymphocyte cells at the applied doses, although it did show a slight cytotoxic effect.Öğe Investigation of Genotoxic Effects of Imazamox Herbicide on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Using Micronucleus Assay(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2022) Rasgele, Pınar Göç; Meredova, Guncha; Kırankaya, Şerife GülsünImazamox is an imidazolinone herbicide; it is an acetalactacetase (ALS) / acetylhydroxyacid (AHAC) inhibitor and is widely used for weed control. In this study, the genotoxic effect of the commercial formulation of imazamox was investigated in zebrafish peripheral blood cells in vivo using the micronucleus (MN) method. Fishes were treated at three different concentrations of imazamox (3, 6, 12 mg L-1) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. At the highest concentration (12 mg L-1), it was observed that all fish died in all treatment periods. According to 24, 48 and 96 h treatment results; compared to the negative control, it was determined that the MN frequency increased as the concentration increased. These results show us that imazamox herbicide may have genotoxic potential for aquatic organisms. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the mechanisms that are effective in the genotoxicity of imazamox.
