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    The Genoprotective Role of Laurocerasus officinalis: Study on Genotoxic/Antigenotoxic and Cytotoxic/Anticytotoxic Effects in Human Lymphocytes
    (Wiley, 2025) Yildiz, Esra; Meredova, Guncha; Aksoy, Huseyin
    Laurocerasus officinalis, a valuable medicinal plant, has rich flavonoid and anthocyanin content, providing benefits for various diseases. It also has ethnopharmacological uses such as diuretics and antidiabetics. Phenolic compounds exhibit their anticarcinogenic effects directly by repairing DNA damage and reducing chromosomal abnormalities. This study aims to investigate genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity and cytotoxicity/anticytotoxicity of L. officinalis extract in human peripheral lymphocytes by the methods of chromosomal aberration (CA), cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test, and mitotic index value. The doses of L. officinalis extract were determined as 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 mu g/mL for the genotoxicity test, and mitomycin C (MMC) was added to induce DNA damage for the investigation of antigenotoxicity. In both applications (24 and 48 h), all doses, positive control (MMC) and negative control (sterile dH2O), were used. In CA and CBMN tests for genotoxicity, no significant differences existed between all doses and the solvent control group (p > 0.05). In antigenotoxic activity, doses added with MMC were significantly lower than positive control (p < 0.05). For both the 24-hour and 48-hour periods, the percentage of abnormal cells and the CAs per cell ratio were significantly lower at all L. officinalis extract concentrations compared to the positive control. Additionally, as the treatment concentration increased, the CA ratio showed a decreasing trend. These differences were strongly dose-dependent compared to the positive control (r = -0.799). In all concentrations in the CBMN test, the frequencies were significantly lower than the positive control, and the higher the L. officinalis extract concentrations, the lower the micronuclei (MN). There was a strong dose-dependent relationship in MN formation compared to positive control (r = -0.925). Therefore, L. officinalis extract has no genotoxic effect on human lymphocytes and also has antigenotoxic and protective effect to the damage of MMC. In the mitotic index result, the L. officinalis extract was cytotoxic at only one dose (125 mu g/mL) but anticytotoxic at all other doses against MMC exposure. In conclusion, consuming L. officinalis medicinally benefits and may protect against exposure to genotoxic agents.
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    In Vitro Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Phenoxyethanol in Human Lymphocytes: A Commonly Used Preservative in Cosmetics
    (Wiley, 2025) Kara, Ikbal Hesna; Yildiz, Esra; Meredova, Guncha; Aksoy, Hueseyin
    Phenoxyethanol is widely used as a preservative in many cosmetic products and is considered to be safe. although there are some toxicity studies on phenoxyethanol, no detailed research evaluating its genotoxicity in human lymphocytes is available in the literature. This study aims to assess phenoxyethanol ' s cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. For evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of phenoxyethanol, chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests were applied In both tests, lymphocyte cultures were treated with three concentrations (50, 25, 12.5 mu g/mL) of phenoxyethanol and control groups (solvent, positive and negative controls). When examining the results of the chromosomal aberration test (CA) and the micronucleus test (MN), no significant differences were observed between the solvent control group and the application concentrations in either test. For the evaluation of cytotoxicity, mitotic index results showed a significant decrease at higher doses (50 and 25 mu g/mL) compared to the solvent control. In conclusion, phenoxyethanol did not exhibit genotoxic effects (clastogenic and aneugenic) on human peripheral lymphocyte cells at the applied doses, although it did show a slight cytotoxic effect.
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    Investigation of Genotoxic Effects of Imazamox Herbicide on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Using Micronucleus Assay
    (Düzce Üniversitesi, 2022) Rasgele, Pınar Göç; Meredova, Guncha; Kırankaya, Şerife Gülsün
    Imazamox is an imidazolinone herbicide; it is an acetalactacetase (ALS) / acetylhydroxyacid (AHAC) inhibitor and is widely used for weed control. In this study, the genotoxic effect of the commercial formulation of imazamox was investigated in zebrafish peripheral blood cells in vivo using the micronucleus (MN) method. Fishes were treated at three different concentrations of imazamox (3, 6, 12 mg L-1) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. At the highest concentration (12 mg L-1), it was observed that all fish died in all treatment periods. According to 24, 48 and 96 h treatment results; compared to the negative control, it was determined that the MN frequency increased as the concentration increased. These results show us that imazamox herbicide may have genotoxic potential for aquatic organisms. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the mechanisms that are effective in the genotoxicity of imazamox.