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Öğe Accumulation and Transfer of P and K, Macronutrient Elements for Plants, in Corylus colurna L. Stem Sections(Kastamonu University, 2023) Kulaç, Şemsettin; Key, KübraOne of the most essential factors in plant development is the nutrient content in the soil. Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), essential macronutrients in plant nutrition, are vital in plant growth and development. Therefore, although many studies have been conducted on these elements in agricultural plants, the number of studies on forest trees could be much higher. In particular, there needs to be more information about the accumulation and transfer of these elements in different plant tissues. This study examined the change and transfer of P and K concentrations in the Corylus colurna tree's trunk parts. Within the scope of the study, the differences in P and K concentrations in the Corylus colurna trunk were examined based on organ, direction, and period. As a result, the most elevated concentrations of both elements were in the barks; the difference in direction was not evident in the wood, and both elements could be transferred within the wood.Öğe Arly field performance of drought-stressed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings(Pakistan Botanical Society, 2015) Kulaç, Şemsettin; Turna, İbrahim; Çiçek, Emrah; Sağlam, Aykut; Taşdemir, ÜmitScots pine (Pinus sylvestris) has a large natural distribution throughout the world, including semi-arid areas of Turkey, where it is being used for afforestation. Determining the drought resistance of Scots pine provenances can increase the success of afforestation efforts in semi-arid regions. In the first stage of this study, water-stress treatments were applied to ten provenances of one-year-old Scots pine seedlings in their second vegetation period (between April and November). The diameter and height of the seedlings were evaluated in the nursery in order to determine their morphology. The four drought-stress treatments consisted of once-weekly irrigation (IR1), twice-weekly irrigation (IR2-Control), biweekly irrigation (IR3) and open field conditions (IR4). Later, the water-stressed seedlings were planted in a semi-arid district in Bayburt, Turkey, and their survival and growth performances were evaluated over a five-year period. The nursery study showed that drought stress and provenance as well as the interaction of the two significantly affected the morphological characteristics of the seedlings. Under water-stress conditions, the best growth performance was found in the Dokurcun, Degirmendere and Dirgine provenance seedlings. Water-stress and provenance factors and their interaction also affected the open field performance of the seedlings, where the Degirmendere, Dirgine and Dokurcun provenances again exhibited the best performance. Consequently, these Scots pine provenances can be recommended for afforestation sites having conditions similar to those of the study site. © 2015, Pakistan Botanical Society. All rights reserved.Öğe Assessment of genetic diversity in natural European hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) populations in Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Kulaç, Şemsettin; Filiz, Ertuğrul; Çiçek, Emrah; Değermenci, Zerrin; Vatansever, RecepGenetic diversity is a crucial component for plant survivability and fitness in terms of adaptation, genetic stability and variability. In this study, a total of 160 genotypes were investigated using 12 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers to understand the genetic structure and diversity of nine naturally distributed Ostrya carpinifolia populations in Turkey. Twelve RAPD primers yielded 111 clearly identifiable DNA bands, of which 71 bands were found to be polymorphic (64%). Observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne) and Nei's gene diversity (h) were found as 2, 1.53 and 0.32, respectively. Total genetic variation (H-T), within-population genetic variation (H-S) and Nei's genetic differentiation coefficient (G(ST)) were found as 0.32, 0.09 and 0.70, respectively. Genetic diversity analysis (AMOVA) revealed highly significant (P < 0.001) genetic variations among and within populations. 69.94% of total variation was observed among populations while 26.69% was within populations. Gene flow value was calculated as 0.21 (Nm < 0.5), which could homogenize the genetic structure of a population. Two geographically isolated populations demonstrated high gene diversity and polymorphic loci ratio, indicating a relationship between geographic distribution of populations and eco-geographic factors. The findings of this study will pave the way for understanding the genetic diversity between inter- and intra-populations of O. carpinifolia species, as well as they would provide valuable information for management, conservation and utilization of in situ and ex situ Ostrya germplasms.Öğe Assessment of genetic variations of silver lime (Tilia tomentosa Moench.) by RAPD markers in urban and forest ecosystems(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Filiz, Ertuğrul; Birbilener, Seda; Özyiğit, İbrahim İlker; Kulaç, Şemsettin; Oruç, Fatma Çiğdem SakinoğluIn the present study, the genetic diversity analysis of Tilia tomentosa plants was performed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Twenty eight plant samples, collected from urban (25 members) and forest (3 members) ecosystems, were used in this study. A total of 53 bands were obtained from eight RAPD primers, of which 48 (90.6%) were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was found to be 94.29%, the observed number of alleles (Na) was 1.94, the effective number of alleles (Ne) was 1.60, Nei's gene diversity (h) was 0.34 and Shannon's information index (I) was 0.50. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed two major groups. Members of the urban and forest ecosystems showed high genetic similarity (28%-92%) and they did not separate from each other in UPGMA tree. Furthermore, urban and forest genotypes clustered together in principal component analysis.Öğe Bazı Ihlamur (Tilia sp.) Türlerinde Farklı Aşılama Yöntemlerinin ve Zamanının Aşı Tutma Başarısına Etkisi(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2023) Parmaksızoğlu Yan, Rabia; Kulaç, ŞemsettinIhlamur dünya genelinde coğrafik olarak Kuzey Yarım Küre’nin ılıman ve subtropikal bölgeleri arasında yayılış yapar. Ülkemizde doğal olarak yetişen dört ıhlamur taksonu vardır. Ihlamur gıda, tıbbı (ilaç), kozmetik, el sanatları kullanımı, süs bitkisi olarak kullanımı ve kent merkezlerinde yer alan açık yeşil alanlarda çok sık kullanılmasından dolayı rekreasyon olarak hizmet vermesi gibi çok fazla özelliğe sahiptir. Bu durum ıhlamurun ekolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan çok fazla değere sahip olmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile ıhlamurun aşılı fidan üretimini kolaylaştırarak ve hızlandırarak ekonomik, ekolojik ve sürdürebilirlik bakımından veriminin arttırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Tilia tomentosa anacının üzerine Tilia tomentosa, Tilia. Henryana, Tilia cordata, Tilia platyphyllos türlerine ait kalemler üç farklı zamanda (Mart, Nisan ve Mayıs) dört farklı aşı yöntemi (yarma, yandan yanaştırma, yongalı göz ve dilcikli) kullanılarak aşılanmıştır. Tür bazında incelendiğinde tüm aylarda ve aşı yöntemlerinde de en düşük aşı başarısı T. henryana türünde elde edilmiştir. Aşı yöntemleri tür bazında incelendiğinde ise en düşük tutma başarısının yongalı göz aşısında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak yongalı göz aşısı dışındaki tüm yöntemlerde yüksek tutma başarısı elde edilmiştir.Öğe Bir Doğu Kayını Meşceresinde Farklı Sosyal Sınıftaki Ağaçlarda Günlük Ekofizyolojik Tepkiler(2018) Özbayram, Ali Kemal; Kulaç, ŞemsettinDoğu kayını (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) ülkemizin önemli yapraklı ağaçtürlerinden biridir. Ağaçlar arasındaki sosyal statü farkı rekabetbaskısını, ışığa erişimi ve su gibi yerel çevre kaynaklarınınkullanılabilirliği etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, saf veaynı yaşlı doğu kayını meşceresinde galip, ara ve mağlup durumdakiağaçların ksilem su potansiyeli, toprak suyu miktarı ve stomailetkenliğinin gün içi değişimini belirlemektir. Dokuz adet seçilenörnek ağaçların güneye bakan tepe kısımlarında su potansiyeli ile günortası stoma iletkenliği gün öncesi (04:30) ve günün 5 farklızamanında (saat 09:40, 12:30, 14:30, 17:00, 19:00) ölçülmüştür. Ayrıcasu potansiyelinin ölçüldüğü zaman dilimlerinde toprak suyu ölçümleride gerçekleştirilmiştir. Su potansiyeli galip tabakadaki ağaçlarda -0.23 ile -1.46 MPa arasında, ara tabakadaki ağaçlarda -0.19 ile -1.30MPa arasında, mağlup tabakada ise -0.11 ile -1.10 MPa arasındadeğişmektedir. Tüm sınıflarda şafak öncesi su potansiyeli en yüksekdeğerde iken, gün ortasında (saat 12.30) en düşük seviyesine inmekte,sonraki ölçüm zamanlarında ise tekrar yükselmektedir. Tüm sosyalsınıftaki ağaçların şafak öncesi su potansiyeli değeri benzer iken, saat9:40 ile 17:00 arasındaki ölçümlerde galip ağaçların su potansiyelideğeri diğer sınıflardan daha düşük ölçülmüştür. Toprak suyumiktarı gün boyunca azalmış, anlamlı en yüksek azalma üst toprakkatmanında olmuştur. Gün ortası stoma iletkenliği 16.53 mmol m-2 s-1 ile en yüksek mağlup tabakada, en düşük 5.20 mmol m-2 s-1 ile galiptabakada ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, değişik sosyal sınıftaki kayınağaçları aynı toprak suyu koşullarında bulunmalarına rağmen güniçerisinde farklı ekofizyolojik tepkiler verebilmektedir.Öğe Cedrus atlantica's Usability for Reducing and Monitoring the Change in Lithium Pollution in the Air(Kastamonu Üniversitesi, 2024) Kulaç, Şemsettin; Arıcak, Burak; Erdem, RamazanThe most important and harmful components of air pollution that affect the health and cause the death of millions of people every year around the world are heavy metals. Due to their potential harm, monitoring the change in the concentration of heavy metals in the air and reducing pollution are essential. This study aimed to determine the usability of Cedrus atlantica grown in Düzce, where heavy metal pollution is reported to be high, for monitoring and reducing the change in lithium pollution in the air. For this purpose, the change in Li concentration in Cedrus atlantica annuals grown in Düzce was evaluated in the 60-year period. As a result of the study, it was determined that Li pollution in the region has increased significantly in the last decade. The highest values were generally obtained in the north direction, and this result was interpreted as Li concentration originating from the highway in this direction, i.e., traffic. As a result of the study, Cedrus atlantica is a very suitable species for monitoring and reducing the change in Li pollution.Öğe Comparison of Seed Properties for Different Origins of European Hop-Hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.)(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2013) Kulaç, Şemsettin; Güney, Deniz; Çiçek, Emrah; Somay, Şeyma; Özbayram, Ali KemalSome seed properties and germination percentage of European hop-hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) provenances in Turkey were investigated in this study. The seeds were collected from Kastamonu-Cide, Adana-Saimbeyli, Antalya-Finike, Antalya-Akseki, Düzce-Yığılca, Zonguldak ve Niğde provenances. There were significant differences among the provenances in terms of seed properties such as thousand seed weight, seed fullness and seed viability. Three pretreatment were used: control, 1 month warm + 1 month colt stratification in perlite and 2 months cold stratification in perlite. After pretreatments the seeds were germinated at 5ºC constant temperature and then germination percentages were calculated. Results showed that provenance, pretreatment and their interaction had significant effect on germination percentage. The highest germination percentage (98%) was obtained in Kastamonu provenance after 1 month cold + 1 month warm stratification.Öğe Determination of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of C. Sativa Leaf Extracts on MCF7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line(Tıbbi Kayıtlar Derneği, 2023) Beyazyüz, Fadime; Mutlu, Elif Gülbahçe; Alpa, Serife; Erbayram, Fatma Zehra; Türkoğlu, Fatma Nur; Kulaç, ŞemsettinAim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Castanea sativa Mill. (chestnut) leaf extract and their anti-proliferative effect on MCF 7 cell line. Materials and Methods: It determined antioxidant capacities by using DPPH assay, total phenolic content by using Folin-Ciocaltaeu method and Total flavonoid content by aluminum chloride colorimetric method in the ethanolic extracts of Chesnut leaf. In addition, the anti-proliferative effect of chestnut leaf extract was determined by XTT method in MCF7 breast cell line. The leaf extract used was applied at different concentrations for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours and the results were evaluated with the Graphpad Prism software program. Results: In this study, it was revealed that the total phenolic contents of ethanolic extracts of chestnut leaf 58,22 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid content was 64,62 mg QE/g. The DPPH activity of the leaf extract of chestnut was 80.06%. Moreover, findings showed that Chestnut leaf extract had cytotoxic effect against breast cancer cells depends on concentration and time. The 24h, 48h and 72h most effective IC50 dose were 100.1 µL ,193 µL 15.23 µL, respectively. Conclusion: Chestnut has potential antiproliferative and antioxidant activities in conjunction with its high phenolic and flavonoid content on the MCF-7 cell line. However, more studies are needed.Öğe Determination of Grafting Adaptation of Some Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Genotypes with Marigoule (C. Sativa × C. Crenata) Cultivar(2021) Kulaç, Şemsettin; Nayır, Hatice NihanIn this study, to reproduce natural chestnut genotypes, the fruit characteristics of the Düzce regiondetermined by local people are good in a healthy way, compatible with Marigoule (C. sativa × C.crenata) hybrid varieties resistant to branch cancer and root rot was investigated. In this study, 24different chestnut genotypes were used. As the grafting method, the most commonly used tonguegrafting, split grafting, chip budding grafting, and side grafting method were used. All proceduresrelated to grafting were carried out in the greenhouses of the Düzce University Faculty of Forestry.In this study, local genotypes that are compatible with Marigoule chestnut were determined. As aresult, the native genotype, which showed the best adaptation to Marigoule seedlings, was 87.5%of Yalnızçam, and after that, 79.2% of the Ereğli Sefer genotype. The lowest fit showed Brokengenotype with 15% and Akçakoca1genotype with 17.5%. Besides, the compatibility of foreignvarieties Maraval, Marigoule, and Betizac were also investigated. As a result, Betizac had thehighest compatibility with 95%, while Maraval had 67.5%. The most successful in the graftingmethods applied was the side graft (74.2%) followed by tongue grafting (59.9%), splitting grafting(51.4%), and chip budding grafting (29.7%).Öğe Determining the 180-year Change of Cd, Fe, and Al Concentrations in the Air by Using Annual Rings of Corylus colurna L(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2022) Key, Kübra; Kulaç, Şemsettin; Koç, İsmail; Şevik, HakanHeavy metals (HMs), among the components of air pollution that is one of the utmost critical concerns our world has faced, are one of the biggest threats to living organisms. The plants, as a biomonitor, offer the most effective solution in tracking the change of HM concentration on earth and taking them under control. This paper aimed to evaluate the differences in cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) concentrations by using the annual rings of a 180-year-old Corylus colurna L. tree, which was cut in late 2020. Moreover, HMs in outer and inner bark were also compared to the values found in wood, and the direction-based change in the concentrations of these HMs was examined. As a result, the concentrations statistically differed between wood and barks for all three elements only in the north side p < 0.001), and bark samples had higher Cd, Fe, and Al element concentrations than wood. When examining the annual rings, the highest values were commonly observed in the western and northern sides, and there were notable differences between the directions in the same term. The difference is thought to be the effects of highway and steel and iron facility located at the nearest point. In conclusion, the results showed that the use of the species and monitoring method employed in this study were very appropriate for tracking the variation in Cd, Fe, and Al concentrations, and these HMs have almost no transfer between organs and cells of the Corylus colurna.Öğe Diurnal Ecophysiological Responses of Different Social Class Trees in an Oriental Beech Stand(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, 2018) Özbayram, Ali Kemal; Kulaç, ŞemsettinThe oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is one of the important tree species among the broad-leaved species in Turkey. Tree social status can effect on competition and access to light, and on availability of local environmental resources, including water. The current study was conducted in 32 years old pure oriental beech stand. In May 2016, xylem water potential, soil water content and stomal conductivity were measured at six different time of day at the southern-facing crowns of dominant, intermediate and suppressed trees. The xylem water potential ranged between -0.18 and -1.28 MPa. The water potential was the highest in predawn, the lowest in the midday, and then it rises again. While all social classes were similar to predawn water potential, the water potential difference between the dominant and suppressed trees increased towards midday and decreased in the following hours. The dominant trees had the lowest water potential, while the suppressed trees had the highest. Soil water content decreased all soil layers throughout the day, especially in the top layer. The midday stomatal conductance was highest in the suppressed trees (16.53 mmol m(-2) s(-1)) and the lowest in dominant. trees (5.20 mmol m(-2) s(-1)). It can be concluded that oriental beech trees in different social status could have different eco physiological responses despite being in similar soil water conditions.Öğe Düzce ve Yakın Çevresindeki Bazı Endemik Bitki Türlerinin Mevsimsel Deği?im Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi(2019) Eroğlu, Engin; Ak, M. Kıvanç; Kulaç, Şemsettin; Çetin, Bilal; Kaya, Sertaç; Aydın, Harun; Meral, AlperenTürkiye bitki çeşitliliği açısından oldukça zengin bir doğal bitki örtüsüne sahiptir. Yüksek çeşitlilikteki doğalbitki örtüsü içerisinde yer alan birçok ağaç, çalı ve otsu karaktere sahip bitki türleri bulunmaktadır. Doğal bitkitürleri bulundukları coğrafyada kullanıldıklarında yöre koşullarına en iyi adapte olabilen türler olmaktadırlar.Peyzaj mimarlığı uygulamalarında bakım maliyetlerinin azaltılması, sağlıklı bir bitki dokusu sağlanması, yerelçevreye uyum, çevre kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi gibi nedenlerle doğal türlerin kullanılması büyük önemtaşımaktadır. Türkiye’de özellikle doğal kaynak yönetimleri açısından yaşam birliktelikleri son derece önemkazanmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle Batı Karadeniz bölgesi gerek içermiş olduğu tür zenginliği ve gerekse deyaşam birliktelikleri çeşitliliği ile dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Düzce Kent Merkezi çevresinde envanteriçıkarılmış olan endemik bitki türleri mevsimsel olarak gözlemlenmiş ve bu bitkilerin estetik ve fonksiyonelyönden kentsel alanlarda yapılacak olan peyzaj tasarımlarında değerlendirilme olanakları saptanmıştır.Öğe EARLY FIELD PERFORMANCE OF DROUGHT-STRESSED SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) SEEDLINGS(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2015) Kulaç, Şemsettin; Turna, İbrahim; Çiçek, Emrah; Sağlam, Aykut; Taşdemir, ÜmitScots pine (Pinus sylvestris) has a large natural distribution throughout the world, including semi-arid areas of Turkey, where it is being used for afforestation. Determining the drought resistance of Scots pine provenances can increase the success of afforestation efforts in semi-arid regions. In the first stage of this study, water-stress treatments were applied to ten provenances of one-year-old Scots pine seedlings in their second vegetation period (between April and November). The diameter and height of the seedlings were evaluated in the nursery in order to determine. their morphology. The four drought-stress treatments consisted of once-weekly irrigation (IR1), twice-weekly irigation (IR2-Control), biweekly irrigation (IR3) and open field conditions (IR4). Later, the water-stressed seedlings were planted in a semi-arid district in Bayburt, Turkey, and their survival and growth performances were evaluated over a five-year period. The nursery study showed that drought stress and provenance as well as the interaction of the two significantly affected the morphological characteristics of the seedlings. Under water-stress conditions, the best growth performance was found in the Dokurcun, Degirmendere and Dirgine provenance seedlings. Water-stress and provenance factors and their interaction also affected the open field performance of the seedlings, where the Degirmendere, Dirgine and Dokurcun provenances again exhibited the best performance. Consequently, these Scots pine provenances can be recommended for afforestation sites having conditions similar to those of the study site.Öğe Early growth performances of various seed sources of black (Prunus serotina Erhr.) and wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings on low and high elevation sites in the western Black Sea Region of Turkey(Academic Journals, 2011) Esen, Derya; Yıldız, Oktay; Kulaç, Şemsettin; Çiçek, Emrah; Çetintaş, Cengiz; Çetin, Bilal; Kutsal, ÇiğdemThe growth performances of one-year old seedlings of various black cherry (BC) and wild cherry (WC) seed sources (SSs) that were planted on low elevation sites (LES) and high elevation sites (HES) in the western Black Sea Region (BSR) of Turkey were assessed one and five years after planting (YAP). Significance between and within-species variations were found for seedling growth. On species basis, WC was superior to BC for seedling groundline diameter and height growth for the low elevation sites (LES) of one and five years after planting (YAP), whereas no substantial survival and growth differences were found between the species for the high elevation sites (HES) of five YAP. Generally, seedlings averaged a greater survival on the LES, when compared with those on the HES. Local WC SSs (Tefen, Yayla and Dirgine) demonstrated an enhanced seedling survival and growth on LES than the other SSs. Unlike the LES results, a collection of BC (Michigan 1 and Ukraine) and WC SSs (Dirgine, Germany, and Tefen) displayed the best seedling growth over five years. The HES seedlings frequently experienced diebacks and forking due to heavy snow fall and wildlife browsing. Selection of the local WC SSs was vital for the LES. However, BC SSs may present a potential for planting on the HES with harsher environmental conditions.Öğe Effect of Bursaphelenchus spp. inoculation on carbohydrate concentrations of different pine species in forest stands of Duzce Forest Directorate(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2022) Öztürk, Nuray; Akbulut, Süleyman; Baysal, İsmail; Kulaç, ŞemsettinThe pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is one of the most important pathogens of conifer forests worldwide that causes the pine wilt disease. This problem has increased the scientific interest in Bursaphelenchus species both in the world and in Turkey. Previously, six Bursaphelenchus species were isolated from wilted pine trees in Turkey. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of nematode inoculation on the total carbohydrate concentrations of tree species. Native six Bursaphelenchus species were inoculated on three pine species (Pinus pinaster, P. nigra, and P. sylvestris) under natural stand conditions. Two different doses of nematodes (2000 and 20,000) were used for inoculation. For each treatment, three trees of each species were inoculated. The total carbohydrate concentrations were differed significantly among tree species, nematode species and between nematode doses. The total carbohydrate concentration values were higher in P. pinaster than both P. nigra and P. sylvestris. These results may suggest that pine species responded to nematode inoculation by changing the amount of TCC.Öğe Effect of Chesnut Seed Size on Germination Percentage and Morphology of Seedlings(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2017) Kulaç, Şemsettin; Özbayram, Ali Kemal; Değermenci, Zerrin; Küçük, Alif Dudu; Karadağ, AliIn this study, the effect of seed size of the Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) on germination and seedling morphology were investigated. The study was carried out with seeds that were collected from the chestnut trees with different seed sizes, which located on Kestane Bayırı in Akcakoca, Düzce. Trees were divided into three groups according to seed weight. The trees that have average seed weight of 5 g formed a group, the other groups’ average seed weight were between 5-8 gr, the last groups’ were average seed weight were greater than 8 gr.The seeds were allowed to swell in distilled water for 48 hours before germination. Then they were germinated in containers at 8 °C. Germinated seeds were planted in the polyethylene tubes that were of 25x10 size. Morphological characters were measured at the end of the vegetation period.In conclusions, germination percentage and seedling growth of large seeds was found to be the highest. Germination percentage and seedling growth of the seeds obtained from small seed trees came to be the lowest. It was determined that germination percentage and growth of seedlings varied depending on the seed size.Öğe Effect of Drought and UV-B Stress on Leaf Morphology of Ash-Leaved Maple and Sycamore Maple(2023) Akarsu, Hatice; Kulaç, ŞemsettinGlobal climate change continues to leave irreversible effects worldwide. With the increase in the effects of climate change, especially in recent years, the amount of UV-B radiation reaching the earth's surface is also likely to increase. With increasing temperatures, the amount of precipitation in the world has decreased, and the drought has started to alarm. This study is tried to understand how plants can respond to these stresses using ash-leaf maple (Acer negundo L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) species. The effects of these stress factors on plant leaf morphology were investigated by applying certain intensities of drought (moderate [T2] and severe drought [T3]) and UV-B (8 kJ m-2 h -1 [T4] and 12 kJ m-2 h -1 [T5]) stresses on these two species with T1 (control) treatment. As a result, leaf width in A. pseudoplatanus species was at the lowest levels in individuals exposed to T3 and T9. In A. negundo species, leaflet length in T1, T2, T3, T4 T5, T6 (modarete+T4), T7 (modarete+T5), T8 (severe drought+T4), and T9 (severe drought+T5) treatment were 8.800, 8.704, 8.075, 8.792, 8.823, 8.516, 8.317, 7.993, and 8.605 cm, respectively. According to these values, it was observed that the leaflet length was the shortest in T8 (7.993 cm) treatment. On the other hand, the leaflet length in T9 was close to the T1 group. As a result, individuals exposed to T4 were more affected than T5 in applications applied to UV-B stress and T3. Therefore, the increase of UV-B radiation positively affects the plant's resistance to drought stress.Öğe Effect of Drought and UV-B Stress on Stoma Characteristics in Two Maple Species(Kastamonu University, 2023) Çobanoğlu, Hatice; Kulaç, Şemsettin; Şevik, HakanIn recent years, changing climatic conditions have brought along many problems. As a result of the increasing destruction of the ozone layer caused by anthropogenic sources, the effect of harmful sun rays reaching our world is increasing. It is estimated that the temperatures on the earth's surface and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation will increase in the coming years due to global climate change. This study used ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) seedlings to examine the effects of drought and UV-B radiation levels that may occur in the coming years on forest trees. The study investigated the effect on stomatal characters by applying two different doses of UV-B and drought stress. As a result of the study, it was determined that UV-B stress had a more significant effect on stomatal characters than drought stress. It has been observed that severe drought generally reduces the number of stomata. It was determined that the sycamore maple was more affected by severe drought and UV-B radiation. While UV-B radiation decreased only the stomatal pore length and width in sycamore maple, it increased the stomatal pore length and width in ash-leaved maple. The response of stomatal characters to drought and UV-B stress remains unclear. Therefore, more detailed studies are required.Öğe Effect of Grafting Method and Time on Grafting Success in Anatolian Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)(2022) Uyanik, Esragursoy; Kulaç, Şemsettin; Beyazyuz, FadimeChestnut is an economically important tree because of wood and nut production, which is usually found in warm-temperate species, especially Mediterranean region. The fruit of chestnut is a good antioxidant source besides being rich in vitamin C. Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a natural chestnut species in Türkiye. This study aimed to determine the most appropriate grafting time and grafting method for two chestnut cultivars (Marigoule and Erfelek) collected from the Western Black Sea region. Two different varieties (Marigoule and Erfelek) and three different grafting methods (chip budding, tongue, and cleft) were applied in different environments (in the hoop house and open field) for six months (December, January, February, March, April, and July). Analysis of variance was used for the grafting trials which was established and applied in the factorial trial design. Results showed that grafting success in the hoop house was twice as high in the open field, and the tongue was the most successful grafting method in all months except July. However, chip budding was observed as the most successful method in July. The highest grafting success was achieved in February, followed by July. According to the obtained results, Marigoule (C. crenata x C. sativa) cultivars were more successful than Erfelek cultivars. Marigoule cultivar’s success rate was 86% for the tongue method in February at hoop house. In July, 83% grafting success was achieved.
