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    Superior Vena Cava Syndrome and Collateral Pathways: A Case Report and Discussion
    (Düzce Üniversitesi, 2018) Tuncez, Hülya Çetin; Koc, Ali Murat; Aykut, Eda; Adıbelli, Zehra Hilal
    Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) can be seen depending on the many benign or malign causes. Clinical findings of this syndrome can be edema in the head, neck and upper limb as well as it may procedd to life-threatening situations. Mediastinal masses and lymphadenopathies are the most common etiological factors of SVCS. In some patients admission to hospital is merely based on SVCS symptoms and diagnosis of the primary disease is made only afterwards. A number of different collateral pathways can develop in patients with SVCS. The Stanford system classifies SVCS patients according to the grade of obstruction and the development of collateral pathways. Accurate diagnosis of SVCS and collateral pathways accelerates the diagnosis of the primary disease and guides the treatment. The CT and CT angiography findings of a patient who presented with SVCS symptoms and underwent a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were discussed. Thrombotic occlusion of SVC, brachiocephalic veins, right subclavian and internal jugular veins due to compression of mediastinal mass; besides collateral pathways mainly in paravertebral venous plexus, thoracic wall and epigastric veins that is most prominent in superior intercostal veins were observed. In addition to the treatment of primary disease, conservative treatment modalities for SVCS were applied.