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    Examining the Impacts of Different Characteristics of Water on Coplanar Patch Antenna
    (Ieee, 2025) Duman, Mehmet; Mert, Oguzhan; Ozkan, Rabia; Ramazan, Feyza; Yilmaz, Yusuf; Duman, Mustafa; Knypinski, Lukasz
    Antennas are subjected to diverse environmental conditions during the transmission or reception of signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. While designed to function outdoors or in environments conducive to minimal signal attenuation, they may not always operate under such ideal circumstances. Factors such as rain induced water puddles impinging on the antenna's radiation pattern can lead to wave attenuation. Given that the conductivity enables the electric transfer of water is approximately 80 times more effective than that of air, it significantly reduces the velocity of electromagnetic waves. Consequently, such issues give rise to undesirable conditions in S_11, a critical parameter for antennas. This analysis encompasses the theoretical, simulation, and fabrication phases of a coplanar patch antenna. S_11 input reflection values were measured utilizing a Nano-VNA across various environments, including saltwater collected from the coastal area of a district (Black Sea) in Duzce, Turkiye; freshwater from the market designated for drinking purposes; mineral water; initially from a fountain source cited in literature as a remedy for kidney ailments by local inhabitants; and in an open-air setting. Signal attenuation values were compared at approximately 2.1 GHz frequency and its vicinity. Upon completion of the modelling, testing, and evaluation, it was observed water primarily contributed to signal attenuation, rendering the antenna non-functional.
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    Optimization of the Brushed DC motor for Automotive Applications by the use Taguchi method
    (Ieee, 2024) Knypinski, Lukasz; Roszak, Sebastian; Duman, Mehmet; Devarapalli, Ramesh; Molu, Reagan Jean Jacques
    This paper presents an analysis and optimal design of the brushed permanent magnet motor for automotive applications. The mathematical model describing the phenomenon in the design motor was developed in the 2D finite element method (FEM). The optimization was made using the Taguchi method. Taguchi method optimization requires solving the analysis task for a determined number of experiments, and the number of experiments is closely related to the number of design variables. The optimized brushed permanent magnet motor was described by three design variables. In the conducted research the objective function is constructed by three or four components described the motor parameters and mass of permanent magnet material used to construction of the motor. Selected results of optimization were presented and discussed