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    Assessment of Surface Roughness in Milling of Wood with Different Material Temperature and Cutting Parameters
    (North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2024) Korkmaz, Mustafa; Budakci, Mehmet; Kilinc, Izham
    Effects of wood temperature were studied during CNC router processing relative to the resulting surface roughness, addressing a considerable gap in wood machining research. Three wood species (Scots pine, beech, and poplar) were machined at four temperatures (-20 degrees C, 0 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 50 degrees C) to simulate diverse climatic conditions. The experiments were conducted at varied spindle speeds (6000, 12000, and 18000 rpm) and feed rates (3000 and 6000 mm/min). Surface roughness was measured using a portable tester in accordance with relevant ISO standards. A full factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of wood species, temperature, spindle speed, and feed rate on surface roughness. Results revealed a strong correlation between processing temperature and surface roughness, with a 25.9% increase in roughness observed as temperature rose from-20 degrees C to 50 degrees C. This temperature effect was consistent across all wood species, though its magnitude varied. The study also found that wood type, spindle speed, and feed rate significantly influenced surface quality, interacting with temperature effects. These findings suggest that controlling wood temperature during processing could be crucial for maintaining consistent surface quality in industrial applications, especially in facilities operating under variable environmental conditions.
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    Laminated Wood Material Reinforced with Bacterial Cellulose Sheets Derived from Kombucha Pellicles: Part 1 Some Physical Properties
    (North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2025) Budakci, Mehmet; Sagban, Digdem; Korkmaz, Mustafa; Kilinc, Izham
    In this study, the usability of kombucha pellicles as a source of bacterial cellulose (BC) in the production of laminated wood was investigated to improve its physical properties. Within this scope, the kombucha culture was produced at room temperature through a fermentation process of approximately 25 days and then dried to obtain BC sheets with a thickness of approximately 1 mm. These sheets were used in the production of laminated wood material, along with wood species of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.), and Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), using urea-formaldehyde, polyurethane, and polyvinyl acetate adhesives. To evaluate the physical properties of the manufactured samples, density, thickness swelling, and water absorption tests were performed. Furthermore, the structural and thermal properties of the BC were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The findings indicated that BC is a high-performance biomaterial for lamination. The results unveiled BC's remarkable potential for developing eco-friendly materials, though certain technical challenges remain to be addressed before its full capabilities can be realized.