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    Life in the front yard - the reciprocal interaction between residents and the American city
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Kickert, Conrad; Gregg, Kelly; Gokce, Duygu
    By inhabiting and adapting the public-private interface in front of their homes, residents negotiate their relationship with passersby and public space, seeking to maximize their fit and satisfaction with their broader living environment. This study investigates how residents inhabit and adapt their public-private front yard interface in an urban American neighborhood, and how this process influences residents' satisfaction and sense of place. The study concludes that most elements that residents place in their front yard positively influence their sense of place, but that especially elements that afford sociability of the public-private interface have an outsize positive influence.
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    What if sense of place is already strong? An in-depth investigation in an award-winning American neighbourhood
    (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd, 2024) Gokce, Duygu; Kickert, Conrad
    This study investigates the sense of place (SoP) as a function of spatial characteristics of Buffalo, New York's Elmwood Village, an award-winning American neighbourhood for its perceived strong SoP. The primary aim is to provide empirical proof of this claimed strength of the neighbourhood's SoP at the building, street and neighbourhood scales and to offer a multi-dimensional understanding of SoP by investigating its four sub-indicators, namely place attachment, place identity, place dependence and nature bonding. By studying the perceptual dynamics with a survey method, place identity and place attachment were identified as the most important determinants of SoP at the neighbourhood scale, while place identity and place dependence took the lead at smaller scales. The study of spatial dynamics showed that SoP can be improved to varied degrees for each of the four sub-indicators based on variances in building and street characteristics. For instance, residing in single-family houses or houses with three-and-more bedrooms may result in higher SoP; or place identity may be affected by the open sky coverage or vegetation coverage, etc. Elmwood Village has demonstrated the power of SoP at all scales, and the neighbourhood itself undoubtedly holds a special place in the hearts of its residents. Overall, planners and designers should concentrate on which spatial qualities and scales should be prioritised in future improvement plans to maintain and/or build SoP.