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    Biodiversity and distribution of soil nematodes in Mount Ararat, Turkey
    (Russian Acad Sci, Inst Parasitology, 2021) Cakmak, Taylan; Gozel, Cigdem; Gozel, Ugur; Achiri, Denis Tange; Kaydan, Mehmet Bora
    The diversity and distribution of soil nematodes were studied in Mount Ararat from the altitude of 1523 to 5000 m a.s.l., in habitats with different ecological characteristics. A total of 2,561 individuals were identified belonging to 31 families, 62 genera and 70 species. The nematode diversity (species richness) and the nematode abundance display recognisable patterns of altitudinal distribution as the number of species reaches a maximum at intermediate elevations, whereas the nematode abundance was significantly higher at the elevated altitudes. The nematode community associated with the marshland habitat was significantly different from those associated to the other four types of habitat.
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    Laboratory and Field Trials to Identify Reduced-Risk Insecticides for the Control of the Golden Twin-Spot Moth Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Banana Plantations
    (Mdpi, 2022) Çakmak, Taylan; Hernandez-Suarez, Estrella; Kaydan, Mehmet Bora; Tange, Denis Achiri; Perera, Santiago; Diaz, Ana Piedra-Buena
    The golden twin-spot moth (Chrysodeixis chalcites) is one of the most important pests in banana production on the Canary Islands (Spain). The efficacy of different biorational insecticides based on bioenzyme complexes (Intruder (R)), plant extracts: Rutaceae and Piperaceae (Avenger (R)), Rutaceae and Lauraceae (BioKnock (R)), cinnamon, citronella, and Menta (Cinamite(R)), Alliaceae and Solanacea (Garlitrol-Forte (R)), citrus (Prevam (R)), and neem oil (Indasol (R)) was assessed against C. chalcites. Laboratory assays included: choice (repellent effect), no choice, and contact toxicity on C. chalcites 2nd instar larvae. The highest repellent effect was observed with Prevam (R) (85.19 +/- 1.7%), followed by Garlitrol (R) (68.44 +/- 5.7%) and Intruder (R) (67.54 +/- 4.3%). In no choice assays, Prevam (R) (0.92 +/- 0.4%), Indasol (R) (0.98 +/- 0.33%), and Intruder (R) (2.7 +/- 0.33%) had the lowest leaf consumption. The contact toxicity assays showed the highest mortality with Intruder (R) both at 1 day and 7 days post-application (20.22 +/- 2.98% and 77.77 +/- 5.7%, respectively). In the screenhouse trial, the best results for C. chalcites larvae mortality, fruit damage, and fruit classification in quality categories 7 days after application of the bioinsecticide were obtained with Intruder (R), Prevam (R), and Indasol (R). An economic analysis of biorational treatments was also performed. The results of this study provide successful alternatives to chemical pesticides for the control of C. chalcites on banana plants in the Canary Islands.