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Öğe Colour image enhancement with brightness preservation and edge sharpening using a heat conduction matrix(Wiley, 2020) Katircioglu, FerzanIn this study, an enhancement process obtained by applying the heat conduction equation of solid and stagnant fluids on colour images is proposed. After the colour channel stretching, the RGB colour image was converted to the HSI model. The heat conduction equation was applied for each pixel on the I channel of the HSI colour model. The elements of the feature matrix called heat conduction matrix (HCM) can have negative, positive or zero values. A pixel with a small negative HCM value indicates that I needs level enhancement for a good image, whereas a small positive HCM value means that the I level value will be reduced and aligned with its neighbours. High positive or negative values are defined as the edges of the objects and the I level values of such pixels are not changed to protect the edges. In addition, whether HCM is negative or positive, the balanced increment and decrement path at a level I ensures that the mean brightness value performs natural protection. Finally, an enhanced image is obtained by transitioning from the HSI to the RGB colour model. Experimental results show that this method can enhance colour image details better than other methods.Öğe Determination of Gloss in Decorative Coated Wood-based Composite Boards by Image Processing Method(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2025) Katircioglu, Ferzan; Budakci, Mehmet; Kacamer, SerdarUltraviolet (UV)-cured coating and water transfer printing (WTP) are popular organic coating techniques offering aesthetic and functional benefits for wood-based panels. This study considered the gloss change of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels, which were coated with WTP and UV printing processes. Image processing was used before and after being exposed to some domestic cleaning agents. A carbon fiber-patterned organic finish was applied to the surfaces of the prepared sample panels followed by scrub-testing with various domestic cleaning agents in compliance with Turkish Standards (TS) EN ISO 11998. The image processing based scrubbing tester (IPBST) developed in this study was used for the scrubbing process. Digital images of the samples were captured before and after the scrubbing process, and the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color model was converted to the Hue-Saturation-Intensity (HSI) model for analysis. The /-channel in the HSI system was used to calculate the average gloss values, which were compared to results from the BYK-Gardner Spectro-Guide 45/0 device. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a robust and statistically significant correlation of 0.71. As a result, the image analysis-based gloss evaluation method has been shown to enable a more comprehensive evaluation of surface quality by providing fast, non-contact, and detailed analysis.Öğe Determining Abrasion Resistance of Decorative Coated Wood-Based Panels Using Retinex Model(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2024) Kacamer, Serdar; Katircioglu, Ferzan; Budakci, MehmetAn Image Processing Based Scrub Tester (IPBST) was used to imitate the effect of household chemicals on furniture and decoration elements. For this purpose, 8 mm -thick, bright white, acrylic coated medium density fiberboard (MDF), polyvinyl chloride coated MDF, MDF lam ready -to -use sheets, and cellulosic, polyurethane, acrylic, and water -based paint applied MDF sheets were used. Carbon fiber patterned decorative coating was applied to the prepared sample surfaces using the water transfer printing and ultraviolet printing methods. The surfaces of the samples were scrubbed with various household chemicals in accordance with the Turkish Standard TS EN ISO 11998. In the image processing phase, the images before and after scrubbing were first converted to hue, saturation, and value color space. The relationship between the abrasion measurement method of the proposed IPBST and the abrasion data obtained from the stereo microscope device was examined using the Pearson Correlation analysis. The relationship between both abrasion test methods was positive, very strong, and significant (0.81). Thus, the IPBST can be used as an alternative to industrial test devices as it obtains similar data.Öğe Edge detection method based on heat conduction matrix for infrared images(Spie-Soc Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2020) Katircioglu, FerzanThe problems of low-contrast, blurred images, and low-edge details are encountered in infrared images. These undesirable features affect infrared imaging applications in military, science, medicine, and other fields. Therefore, a method of edge detection based on heat conduction matrix (HCM) has been proposed to show or sharpen the edges of objects in infrared images. First, the heat conduction formula of solid and still fluids was applied on the infrared image, and a feature matrix called HCM was obtained. Second, the HCM feature matrix was passed through a threshold to obtain distinct and noise-free edge images. The results of the numerical and visual applications were compared with the Sobel, Canny, and Laplacian of Gaussian methods. The results of our study showed that the proposed method is powerful in detecting edges in infrared images. The most important feature of the method is its high emphasis on important edges as well as thin and distinct edges. (C) 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)Öğe Energy-Efficient Hybrid Adaptive Clustering for Dynamic MANETs(Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2025) Yilmaz, Kudret; Kara, Resul; Katircioglu, FerzanMobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless, mobile node network in which the nodes move randomly and operate without centralized management. In MANETs, the network structure increases the energy consumption of the nodes, which shortens the network lifetime and affects packet transmission. The process of clustering in MANETs (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) can be achieved through the division of the network into virtual groups, known as clusters. The Cluster Head (CH) of each cluster is in charge of data transmission within the cluster. In this study, a two-stage Hybrid Adaptive Clustering Algorithm for Dynamics MANETs (HACADM) is proposed to improve the network performance in MANETs. In the first stage, based on the Weighted Clustering Algorithm (WCA) for selecting optimal CHs, criteria such as node degree, neighborhood distance, power of battery and mobility are optimized using the Gravity Search Algorithm (GSA). In the second phase, the clustering is executed by identifying the member nodes and their roles of the selected CHs using the Enhanced Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (Enhanced-DBSCAN) algorithm, which is one of the unsupervised learning methods. Moreover, this approach serves to reduce the load on the CHs and enhance the stability of the cluster by selecting gateway nodes for inter-cluster communication. This study represents a significant step towards optimizing energy efficiency and extending network lifetime by enhancing the adaptability of clustering processes in MANETs under dynamic network conditions. The proposed HACADM method has the potential to enhance the performance of MANETs by ensuring a more balanced load distribution compared to existing clustering approaches. The HACADM method was compared with the EE-WCA, E-MAVMMF, TSDR and MORS-ASO methods using critical performance metrics such as remaining energy, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput. For example, experimental results on remaining energy show that the average energy consumption improvements of HACADM compared with EE-WCA, E-MAVMMF, TSDR and MORS-ASO are 46.38%, 18.35%, 13.08% and 8.33% respectively. Other Performance evaluation results also show that HACADM significantly contributes to the effective management of MANETs, extends the network lifetime and maintains high performance under dynamic network conditions.Öğe Image Processing Based Scrub Tester Design and Production(Zagreb Univ, Fac Forestry, 2025) Kacamer, Serdar; Budakci, Mehmet; Katircioglu, Ferzancenter dot Determining how resistant paint, varnish or coating type materials, applied to wood-based panel surfaces, are to the effects of exposure to household chemicals is important in terms of developing products and providing durable surface coating to users. Every paint or coating type product coming off the production line needs to be tested quickly, and a new direction should be given to the work based on the positive or negative results obtained. Products without quality monitoring are returned by customers due to insufficient performance, resulting in loss of time, labor and materials. In this study, an Image Processing Based Scrub Tester (IPBST) was designed and produced in order to imitate the effect of paint, varnish and coating materials on the surfaces of furniture and decoration elements used in daily life against household chemicals. Unlike its counterparts, with IPBST, the image of each sample is digitally recorded before and after the scrubbing process, thanks to the compact photo booth integrated into the device. Wear, color and brightness change analyses of sample images can be performed with the Surface Flaw Analysis (SFA) method developed using the Matlab Graphical User Interface (GUI) image processing program on a computer integrated into the device. In this way, a 4-in-1 device that can do the job of 4 devices has been provided to the relevant scientific community and industry without the need for different types of industrial test devices.Öğe Performance Assessment of a Refrigeration System Charged with Different Refrigerants Using Infrared Image Processing Techniques(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Katircioglu, Ferzan; Cingiz, Zafer; Cay, Yusuf; Gurel, Ali Etem; Kolip, AhmetThis study aims to investigate the performance of R417A, R422A, R422D and R438A refrigerants as alternatives to R22, in a commercial type refrigeration system operating with R22 refrigerant. To this end, first of all, the cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) values were calculated for all refrigerants used in the experimental setup. Then, two methods were proposed, Pearson's Correlation Similarity Analysis (PCSA) and surface temperature-based COP (COPST), to evaluate the success of each alternative refrigerants, and R22 with infrared image analysis, separately. The COP values obtained for the refrigerants with the mathematical method are R22 4.07, R438A 3.88, R417A 3.63, R422D 3.37, and R422A 3.18, respectively. Both the COP values and the PCSA values (R438A 0.9425, R417A 0.9343, R422D 0.9167 and R422A 0.9080) show the proximity between the R22 refrigerant and other refrigerants. Similarly, the COPST method revealed the values of R22 6.8865, R438A 5.9539, R417A 5.3273, R422D 4.9898 and R422A 4.3057, and the fact that it has the same order with the other two methods demonstrates its operability in the performance test application with the developed infrared image processing. The compatibility of the order in the experimental results obtained from the PCSA and COPST methods and the COP calculation method and has proved that thanks to infrared imaging, the remote performance analysis of the refrigeration system can be successfully performed.Öğe Real-time infrared image processing for control and monitoring of greenhouse system(Spie-Soc Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2020) Katircioglu, FerzanProviding microclimate conditions in greenhouse systems is very important in terms of growing desired products. In addition, remote sensing and data analysis processes need to be developed and expanded to perform fast and perfect monitoring and control in these systems. An application of remote sensing with infrared imaging in greenhouse systems has been developed. It is proposed to obtain the mean temperature inside the greenhouse via infrared images, the air relative humidity with psychrometric chart application, and the soil moisture values with the multiple regression analysis method. The control and monitoring of automatic irrigation, heating, humectation, ventilation, and lighting systems were carried out via the MATLAB-GUI interface. The desired conditions for the carnation plant were ensured in the greenhouse, and 24-h data were obtained. The digital and visual application findings showed that the designed system is more advantageous in terms of ease of use, monitoring, and simultaneous recording compared with the traditional sensor control systems. (C) 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)Öğe The Thermodynamic Analysis of the Refrigerants Alternative to R22 in the Vapor Compression Refrigeration System(Gazi Univ, 2020) Cingiz, Zafer; Katircioglu, Ferzan; Cay, Yusuf; Kolip, AhmetIn this study, the performances of the R417A, R438A, R422A and R422D refrigerants which are alternative to the commonly used and ozone layer-friendly R22 refrigerant are examined according to the first and second law of thermodynamics. Chemours Refrigerant Expert 1.0 and Genetron Properties 1.4 were used for the design of the vapor compression cycle. While the condensing temperature was kept constant during the analyses, the evaporation temperatures were determined according to the EUROVENT conditions (0 degrees C, -8 degrees C, -25 degrees C, -31 degrees C). The parameters calculated according to different evaporation temperatures are the required compressor power, performance coefficient (COP), and the required refrigerant mass flow rate. The results showed that the COP values of the R438A and R417A refrigerants were very close to that of R22. The COP values were 5%, 6%, 15% and 10% lower in R438A, in R471A, in R422A, and in R422D, respectively compared to the R22 refrigerant. The COP values were calculated as 13% for R422D and 17% for R422A. The highest exergy efficiency of the analyzed systems was calculated as 31.74% for R438A, 31% for R417A, 27.46% for R422A, and 29.24% for R422D at -25 degrees C evaporation temperature. The results of our study revealed that among the R417A, R438A, R422A and R422D refrigerants developed as an alternative to R22 refrigerant, the R438A refrigerant had comparatively higher COP values. Also, when the condenser and compressor loads were examined, it was found that the R438A, R417A, R422D and R422A refrigerants yielded the best results, respectively. Among the four alternative refrigerants examined, R438A and R417A were found to be better alternatives to R22 in terms of COP values, exergy efficiency, and exergy destruction.
