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Öğe Investigation of water process analysis method(Peter Lang AG, 2019) Karadağ, A. A.; Esra, Cengiz, A.Water is one of the most important natural resources on earth. All living things need water for a healthy and quality life. In this context, the conservation of usable water is very important. In this chapter, the water process analysis method which is developed to contribute to the protection of water resources has been examined. The method aims to identify vulnerable areas to water conservation. In the scope of the method, the infiltration of the precipitation water in the vegetation cover, soil and rock layers are evaluated and are mapped. The findings obtained in the context of the method contribute to the spatial plans developed on the basis of protection of water resources. In addition, these findings contribute to the determination of ecological land use decisions and the determination of vulnerable landscape. In this section, nature-based solutions, ecological processes, hydrologic cycle which are the basis of the method are examined. © Peter Lang AG 2019.Öğe A sustainable and integrated framework for local governments: Smart city(Peter Lang AG, 2019) Demiroğlu, D.; Karadağ, A. A.Urban areas, which cover only 2% of the world's surface and which are the most important regions where people live, produce 80% of the greenhouse gas emissions and consume 75% of the natural resources in the world, and these rates are increasing in parallel with the urbanization rate of population. For this reason, various planning and urban concepts/approaches have been developed in recent years, which include the efforts to make urban resources more efficient and economical, and to make cities more livable such as sustainable cities, ecological cities, green cities, slow cities, low carbon cities. Though they have different names, what these approaches have in common is to create awareness of different ecosystems and to plan sustainable cities that consume low energy and water, preserve natural ecosystems, and thus ensure sustainable development. These approaches, which have developed with the increasing awareness of environmental consciousness and climate change, are dealt together with the developments in information and communication technologies in the 21st century; and, they entail the emergence of the concept of "Smart Cities" which bring great innovations and conveniences to local governments in many areas such as transportation, communication, health, safety, energy efficiency, water use and waste management. This chapter defines the concept of smart city; provides information about its components; and examines its role in achieving the sustainability targets of local governments. © Peter Lang AG 2019.