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    DETERMINING OF THE PREVALENCE OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS AND CAUSATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
    (Düzce Üniversitesi, 2014) Yıldırım, Yaşar; Yılmaz, Zülfükar; Aydın, Emre; Aydın, Fatma Yılmaz; Barutcu, Sezgin; Kara, Ali Veysel; Kadiroğlu, Ali Kemal
    Purpose: Nosocomial infections develop after 48-72 hours of hospitalization. Gram negativebacilli are generally the causative agent. 25% of all nosocomial infections develop in theintensive care units. Therefore, patients in the intensive care units are at high risk. This studyaimed to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infections and causative gram negative bacilliin the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Materials and Methods: 269 patients who were hospitalized in internal medicine intensivecare unit (IMICU) of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine between june 2010- December 2010were included in this study. Culture samples were taken from all of the patients who developsfever ( ?38.5 C) after the hospitalization to the IMICU. Culture of blood, urine, sputum, centralvenous catheters, open wounds and deep tracheal aspirate were taken. Source and the prevalenceof infection and distribution of the isolated causative pathogens were determined in the patientswith gram negative bacilli reproduction.Results: 158 of the patients were male ( 58.7%) and 111 of the patients were female ( 41.3%).The mean ages of men and female were 58.81±16.91 and 56.44±19.16 years, respectively (p=0.286). culture samples were taken from blood (16%), urine ( 8.6%), central venous cathetertips ( 6.3%), deep tracheal aspirates (10%), sputum (2.2%) and wound stabs (2.2%). Nosocomialinfections were detected in 109 patients ( 40.5%). Pneumonia, urinary tract infections andgastrointestinal system infections were the most frequent infections respectively.Microorganisms were isolated from one sample in 97 patients, while 12 patients had more thanfocus. The most commonly isolated organisms were E.Coli (13.8%) and PseudomonasAeruginosa (7.4%), followed by Acinetobacter Baumannii (6.3%) and StenotrophomonasMaltophilia (3.3%). Conclusion: Nosocomial infections in intensive care units have proved to be a serious problem.Surveillance studies should be performed for the isolated causative pathogens and measuresshould be taken to prevent the development of the ICU infections
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    The frequency of osteoporosis in hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients according to PTH levels after active vitamin D therapy during the two years period
    (2010) Kadiroğlu, Ali Kemal; Turgutalp, Kenan; Yılmaz, Zahid Selim; Şit, Dede; Kara, İsmail Hamdi; Kayabaşı, Hasan; Yılmaz, Mehmet Emin
    Aim: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that is characterized by low bone mass, micro-structural degeneration of bone and high risk of fracture. In this study our aim was to detect the frequency of osteoporosis in hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients according to Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) after vitamin D therapy during the two years period. Materials and method: 18 HD patients (12 male, 6 female) and 12 CAPD patients (8 male, 4 female) undergoing to dialysis therapy in dialysis center of Medicine Faculty Hospital in Dicle University were enrolled to the study. The patients were evaluated with bone mineral density which was measured by left heel quantitative ultrasound before and after the active vitamin D therapy. The blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis in the morning after 12 hours fasting period before and after the active vitamin D therapy. Results: After the therapy T and Z scores bone mineral density and ALP values were increased in the group that PTH values were between 120-250 pg/ml and more than 250 pg/ml. But these parameters were decreased in the group that PTH were lower than 120 pg/ml. Osteoporosis percentage were 23 % in PTH value <120 pg/ml, %20 in PTH value between 120-250 pg/ml and 20 % in PTH >250 pg/ml in the initial measurement. After the therapy these were 30 %, 0 % and 20 % relatively. Conclusion: Before the treatment there was not a statistical difference between T score of 3 groups. After the treatment there was a statistically significant difference. Especially T score was better after the therapy in the second group that PTH values were between 120-250 pg/ml. © 2010 Düzce Medical Journal.
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    Having Poorly and Well Controlled Type 2 Diabetes with Chronic Periodontitis: a 3-month evaluation
    (Düzce Üniversitesi, 2010) Fırat, Ela Tules; Kadiroğlu, Ali Kemal; Dağ, Ahmet
    Aim: To evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on serum C-reactive protein(CRP), interlökin-6 (IL-6) levels and periodontal parameters in patients with poorly and wellcontrolled type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Forty-five patients were included in the study. Of the 45, 30 had type 2 diabetesmellitus with chronic periodontitis (group 1A; poorly controlled group, n = 15, HbA1c ? 7%and group 1B; well controlled group, n = 15, HbA1c lt; 7%) and 15 were systemically healthy(group 2) with chronic periodontitis. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinicalattachment loss, gingival bleeding index scores, serum CRP and IL-6 concentrations weremeasured at baseline and 3 months after the nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results: After the nonsurgical periodontal therapy all periodontal parameters and CRP and IL6 levels decreased significantly by the third month compared to baseline values in all groups.No statistically significant difference was determined among the groups between baseline andthird-month periodontal parameters, or in CRP or IL-6 levels after nonsurgical periodontaltherapy. Conclusion: Improvement in periodontal health is effective on control of systemic infectionvia reducing serum concentrations of CRP and IL-6 in patients with poorly and well controlledtype 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis. The effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatmentseems to be independent of the degree of diabetic status