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    Accumulation analysis and overall measurement to represent airborne toxic metals with passive tree bark biomonitoring technique in urban areas
    (Springer, 2024) Isinkaralar, Kaan; Isinkaralar, Oznur; Koc, Ismail; Cobanoglu, Hatice; Canturk, Ugur
    Authorities have long proved the utility of bioindicators in monitoring the state of environmental pollution. Some biological indicators can measure environmental pollutant levels, and many tree species have been tested for suitability for monitoring purposes. The differences in morphological characteristics in the trees have demonstrated the effects of human activities on different materials. Measuring bark and wood biomass from contaminated sites was identified and directly compared with those from a clean site or areas characterized by distinct contamination sources. However, preliminary results demonstrate the approach's potential in the realization of strategies for disease control and promoting health to reduce environmental and health inequalities in at-risk urban areas. Picea orientalis L. and Cedrus atlantica Endl., especially their bark, can be regarded as a more robust storage of Cu (37.95 mg/kg) and Mn (188.25 mg/kg) than Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which and is therefore a better bioindicator for Cu and Mn pollution. Considering the total concentrations as a result of the study, the pollution is thought to be caused by environmental problems and traffic in the region. The deposition of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn elements was found P. menziesii (60, 443, 58, and 258 mg/kg) and P. orientalis (76, 1684, 41, and 378 mg/kg) and seems to reflect atmospheric quite clearly compared to P. pinaster, C. arizonica, and C. atlantica. Ni and Zn concentrations have significantly increased since 1983, and P. menziesii and P. orientalis can be potentially valuable bioindicators for emphasizing polluted fields.
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    Assessing the possibility of airborne bismuth accumulation and spatial distribution in an urban area by tree bark: A case study in Duzce, Turkiye
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Isinkaralar, Kaan; Isinkaralar, Oznur; Koc, Ismail; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, Hakan
    Heavy metal accumulation has been a hot topic of many studies in recent years, as they are toxic elements that can be highly harmful to human health and the environment. The metal concentrations of some trees used for monitoring air quality give information about the pollutant sources in the ambient atmosphere. In this study, P. pinaster, C. arizonica, P. orientalis, C. atlantica, and P. menziesii were determined to investigate their use as biomonitors for air quality. Metallic bismuth and bismuth compounds, which have been widely used in several industries, have low toxicity to humans, although bismuth toxicity can show over-dosage depending on its application. The variability of bismuth levels in the organs of the species was investigated to explain atmospheric deposition over the years. The bismuth accumulation of C. arizonica and P. pinaster increases depending on time interval. The ascending-descending trend in other species could not be obtained clearly via dry and wet deposition of atmospheric metals. Our analysis reveals that the total deposit (barks and wood) of P. pinaster, C. arizonica, P. orientalis, C. atlantica, and P. menziesii were 134, 115, 94, 131, and 148 mg/kg, respectively, and they have been quite clearly reflected atmospheric bismuth deposition. The bismuth concentration has significantly increased since the 1983 sampling; P. menziesii can be valuable bioindicators for highlighting polluted areas. Compared with the traditional air samplers, the proposed P. menziesii bioindicator is proven to be more effective, low cost, and sustainable and thus has broad application prospects in bismuth concentration.
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    Assessment of metals (Ni, Ba) deposition in plant types and their organs at Mersin City, Türkiye
    (Springer, 2024) Koc, Ismail; Canturk, Ugur; Isinkaralar, Kaan; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, Hakan
    The increase in heavy metal concentrations in the air, especially after the Industrial Revolution, is notable for the scientific world because of the adverse effects that threaten environmental and human health. Among the trace elements, nickel (Ni) is carcinogenic, and all barium (Ba) compounds are toxic. Trace elements are critical for human and environmental health. Their threat further increases, especially in the urban areas and surroundings with a high population. In urban areas, the trace element contamination in the airborne can be reduced using plants. However, which plant and plant organs absorb trace elements could not be determined. In the present study, Ni and Ba concentrations in the branch, wood, and leaf samples of 14 species collected from the city center of Mersin province were determined. As a result, broad-leaved species' Ni and Ba concentrations in their leaf sample were generally higher than other species. Almost all species had the lowest Ni and Ba concentrations in their wood samples. Among these 14 species, it was found that Ni concentration was very high, especially in non-washed leaves of Platanus orientalis, Photinia serrulata, and Citrus reticulate, and Ba concentration was very high in Citrus reticulata, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Laurus nobilis, and Acer hyrcanum. Using broad-leaved species in urban areas where pollution is at high levels will significantly contribute to reducing Ni and Ba pollution. It is recommended that these points be considered in future urban landscaping projects.
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    Variation in Pb and Zn concentrations in different species of trees and shrubs and their organs depending on traffic density
    (Inst Forestry Lrcaf, 2023) Guney, Deniz; Koc, Ismail; Isinkaralar, Kaan; Erdem, Ramazan
    Global population growth and increasing urban population density together are responsible for many disruptions such as environmental pollution, especially air one. Trace metals are of specific prominence as air pollutants because they are conservative pollutants. They tend to accumulate biologically; some have poisonous or carcinogenic effects, even at small concentrations. Among toxic trace metals, lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) can be harmful to human health in certain quantities. These trace metals were included in primary pollutant lists of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Therefore, determining these trace metal concentrations in the air and monitoring the differences is very important for determining the risky districts and the level of risk. Biomonitors are the most important indicators of differences in trace metal concentrations in the atmosphere. The plants chosen as biomonitors intake several of the trace metals from the soil and/or the air into their bodies and determining the level of this accumulation might provide insight into the trace metal pollution of the atmosphere and soil. The present study aims to determine the variations of Pb and Zn concentrations in various landscaping plants growing in different districts of Kastamonu (Turkiye) depending on tree species, organs and traffic density. It was found that unwashed leaves of Acer negundo L. can be suggested as a good biomonitor for the presence of both analysed trace metals.