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    4E analysis and operational vibration in domestic refrigeration systems: Effects of refrigerant charge and thermal load
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Deniz, Emrah; Yilmaz, Cihan; Karagoz, Mustafa; Saridemir, Suat; Isiktas, Abdullah
    Refrigeration is an essential part of both domestic comfort and many industrial processes in which cooling is required for preserving goods like food, drugs etc., and the safe operation of heat-producing machines and appliances. Domestic refrigeration requires more than performance and reliability such as environmental sustainability, economic viability, low noise emission and vibration levels. Vibration in refrigeration system components can also lead to mechanical damage over time which may also increase energy consumption, resulting in further performance losses. A domestic-type vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) was comprehensively tested for different refrigerant mass (42 to 102 g with 10 g increments) and thermal load levels (0 to 75 W with 25 W increments) to conduct energy, exergy, environmental, and economic (4E) analyses, as well as the corresponding operational vibration levels. Experimental results showed that energy consumption, isentropic efficiency of the compressor and operational vibration levels increase with increasing refrigerant mass and thermal load, while the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergy efficiency decrease with increasing refrigerant mass and thermal load. The results revealed that the amount of refrigerant and thermal load of the refrigerator play a significant role in the system's overall performance and operational vibrations.