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    Assessment of nonchemical weed management of windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) nursery
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2025) Inci, Deniz; Uludag, Ahmet; Al-Khatib, Kassim
    The windmill palm is a distinctive outdoor ornamental palm adapted to cooler climates. Weeds pose significant challenges in palm nurseries, particularly during seedling and establishment stages. This research was conducted in a nursery with 5,500 windmill palm seedlings, starting in April 2014, when the palm trees were 3 yr old. Experiments were terminated in October 2018 when weed control was no longer necessary due to the advanced growth of the palm trees. The objectives of this study were to determine the weed composition and diversity, elucidate the effects of mechanical weed management (MWM) on growth rate of palm, and develop a sustainable program to maximize palm tree growth through effective weed management and soil tillage. Few herbicides are registered for nursery use in T & uuml;rkiye, thus weed control was performed mechanically using garden hoeing machines between rows and hand hoeing for intrarow strips. The most common and dense weeds were purple nutsedge, annual mercury, and common purslane in summer and autumn, and burning nettle in winter and spring. In 2014, weed densities were 100, 127, and 145 weeds m-2 for MWM, hand-weeding (HW), and nontreated (NT) plots, respectively. Transplanted palm seedlings required at least two, ideally three growing seasons of intensive weed control until the palm tree crowns block sunlight and suppress weed growth. The research indicated that palm trees in the MWM treatment had approximately 84 leaves and a height of 210 cm by October 2018, compared with 54 leaves and a height of 136 cm for HW, and 40 leaves and 100 cm height for NT. These results highlight the critical role of MWM in promoting optimal growth of Chinese windmill palms. Effective and sustainable weed management, combining MWM and HW, is essential for producing high-quality palm trees. The research provides valuable insights for nursery managers and contributes to best practices for cultivating windmill palm trees in similar climatic regions.
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    Emerging Invasive Alien Plants in Urban Settlements: Establishment and Impacts
    (Springer Nature, 2025) Inci, Deniz; Üremiş, İlhan; Soylu, Soner; Arslan, Mehmet; Aksoy, Necmi; Uludağ, Ahmet
    Invasive alien plants (IAPs) are one of the greatest threats to agriculture, economy, ecosystem, food security, and animal and human health from a broad continental scale to a narrow local scale. In urban settings, human and IAPs relations are more dynamic than in rural and range lands due to the demanding needs of IAPs, such as ornamental landscapes, reforestation, or residential usage of IAPs. Rapid distribution of IAPs to a new urban ecosystem influences the local community due to the noticeable economic losses. This phenomenon requires time-sensitive tracking of new IAPs introduction and distribution in the urban systems more than the rural and/or native range of IAPs. While some IAPs have more potential to establish themselves in a metropolitan area to invade, others may seek longer time or stay in a harmless fate. Understanding IAPs’ invasiveness for establishment is a crucial component in which IAP researchers, policymakers, and landowners/managers could develop surveillance and management strategies. In this chapter, we criticize the significant threats posed by IAPs to urban settlements, the adaptation of IAPs to human-altered environments, and the adverse impacts of IAPs. Under the expected climate change scenarios, IAPs’ introduction to non-native lands may be favored, and accelerated in certain places more than others. The importance of early detection, rigorous control efforts, and public awareness are essential strategies for mitigating the impacts of IAPs. Unique and case-specific management approaches are most likely the backbone of the near-future policies. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.