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    Effects of Naphthoquinones from the Roots of Onosma Armeniacum Klokov on Wound Healing
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2024) Kupeli Akkol, Esra; Subas, Tugba; Ozgen, Ufuk; Suntar, Ipek; Ilhan, Mert; Keles, Hikmet
    In Turkish folk medicine, the roots of Onosma armeniacum Klokov are used to heal wounds, burns, hemorrhoids, hoarseness, dyspnea, stomach ulcers, and abdominal aches. The objective was to evaluate the plant's ethnopharmacological applications using in vivo pharmacological experimental models. In vivo linear incision and circular excision the wound models were used to assess the wound healing activity along with histopathological investigation. The active component(s) were isolated and identified after being exposed to several chromatographic separation procedures on the primary extract. The n-hexane-dichloromethane mixture extract was subjected to chromatographic separation after the wound-healing activity was confirmed. Deoxyshikonin (1), beta,beta-dimethylacrylshikonin (2), alpha-methyl-n-butylshikonin (3), isovalerylshikonin (4), acetylshikonin (5), beta-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin (6), and 5,8-O-dimethylacetylshikonin (7) were identified as the structures of the isolated compounds. The efficacy of O. armeniacum to heal wounds was investigated in this study. Shikonin derivatives were identified as the primary active components of the roots by bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation procedures.
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    Exploring of the ameliorative effects of ethanolic extract of the wheatgrass (Triticumaestivum l.) On surgically induced endometriosis rat model
    (Soc Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania, 2023) Adiyaman, Abdullah; Battal, Abdulhamit; Ilhan, Mert
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the healing effects of an ethanolic wheatgrass (WG) extract obtained from young wheat leaves on a surgically induced endometriosis rat model. 30 female Wistar albino rats with endometriosis were randomly organized into five groups (N = 6): Control, Letrozole a reference drug for endometriosis (0.2 mg/kg/day), WG-25 (25 mg/kg/day WG extract), WG-100 (100 mg/kg/day WG extract) and WG-400 (400 mg/kg/day WG extract). WG-100 extract and Letrozole caused a significantly decrease in adhesion score compared to the control. Additionally, treatment with WG extracts resulted in a significant reduction of endometrial cyst volumes compared to the control group. IL-6 cytokine levels in peritoneal fluid of WG-100 and Letrozole groups were importantly lower than the control. Matrix metallopeptidase 9, VEGF and kinase insert domain receptor genes were expressed in endometrial cysts. According to LC-MS/MS analysis, aconitic acid was the major phenolic acid (54.004 mg analyte/g extract) in the WG extract. Additionally, quinic acid (3.687 mg analyte/g extract) and protocatechuic acid (0.014 mg analyte/g extract) were determined in the WG extract. Moreover, the WG extract had vitamin E (5.49 +/- 0.08 mg/g extract) and vitamin C (7.42 +/- 0.13 mg/g extract). As conclusion, WG extract obtained from young leaves of wheat has ameliorative effects on surgically induced endometriosis due to its rich phytochemical content.
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    Exploring the ameliorative effects of hypericum Scabrum l. On a surgically-induced endometriosis rat model and its phytochemical LC-MS/MS- profile
    (Soc Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania, 2023) Ilhan, Mert; Battal, Abdulhamit; Kaptaner, Burak; Dogan, Abdulahad; Donmez, Fatih; Yilmaz, Mustafa abdullah; Eroglu, Huseyin
    Endometriosis is described as the existence and expansion of functional endometrial-like tissues in another part of the uterine cavity. It affects not only postmenopausal women but also teenagers after menarche, causing subfertility, dysmenorrhea and severe pelvic pain. Since no specific treatment is acknowledged for this disease, the present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of H. scabrum in a surgically-induced endometriosis rat model. In order to test the efficacy of H. scabrum on endometriosis, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and aqueous extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of H. scabrum. The cytokine levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and histopathological analyses were evaluated. In order to reveal the potential active compounds, liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed on the MeOH extract who presentedthe highest activity. The MeOH extract significantly decreased the adhesion scores, endometriotic implant volumes, cytokine levels and the antioxidant parameters. Furthermore, histological procedures supported those findings. According to LC-MS/MS analysis of the MeOH extract, the major compounds were mostly phenolic acids and flavonoids. We concluded that the MeOH extract from H. scabrum aerial parts could be used for the treatment of endometriosis, and its activity could be attributed to the chlorogenic acid and quercetin, detected in the highest amounts.
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    An Updated Review on Ziziphora L.: A Valuable Source of Phytoconstituents for Potential Health Benefits
    (Acg Publications, 2025) Ilhan, Mert; Gurbuz, Perihan; Suntar, Ipek
    Ziziphora L. (Lamiaceae) is a genus of annual or perennial medicinal plants. These species are characterized by their aromatic features and are widely distributed across Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, and North-West Africa. In T & uuml;rkiye, the genus comprises eleven taxa, namely Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., Z. subsp. taurica, and Z. taurica Bieb. subsp. cleonioides (Boiss.) Davis. Ziziphora species have been used in Turkish, Kazakh, and Iranian folk medicine, especially in the form of infusion, decoction and maceration, owing to their antiseptic, expectorant, stomachic, carminative, and sedative effects. Ziziphora species have also been used against the common cold, coughing, migraine, fever, inflammation, diarrhea, and depression. There is a high number of studies documenting the phytochemical features and biological activities of Ziziphora species. Although the essential oil composition of the Ziziphora genus was the primary focus of earlier studies, these species also contain triterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. They were demonstrated to display antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. Given their diverse biological activities and phytoconstituents, Ziziphora species represent a promising candidate for further pharmacological research. In the present review, ethnobotanical records, phytochemical profiles, and bioactivities of Ziziphora species will be extensively presented.