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Öğe Applicability of 3.0 T MRI images in the estimation of full age based on shoulder joint ossification: Single-centre study(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2020) Altinsoy, Hasan Baki; Gurses, Murat Serdar; Bogan, Mustafa; Unlu, Nisa ElifSkeletal maturity is evaluated by many radiological methods for forensic age estimation. Direct radiography and computed tomography lead to a rise in ethical concerns due to radiation exposure. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has currently been used in recent studies. In this study, the ossification stage of the shoulder joint was determined retrospectively in 178 male and 109 female individuals in the age group 12 to 30 years using 3.0 T MRI. All the images were evaluated with T1-weighted turbo spin echo (T1 TSE) sequence and T1 fast low angle shot two-dimensional sequence (T1 FL2D). The combined staging method, which was defined by Kellinghaus et al. and Schmeling et al., was used. The infra- and inter-observer agreement levels were very good (kappa and kappa(w)). There were no significant age differences between males and females in all stages. In most of the stages, the ossification of the proximal humeral epiphyses occurred earlier in females than in males. Stage 4 did not occur in either of the sexes before the 18th birthday as the youngest patients in this stage was at 19 and 18 years of age in males and females, respectively. We concluded that evaluating the ossification of the proximal humeral epiphysis with MRI imaging for forensic age estimation may be beneficial. Evaluating the same anatomical structure with different MRI sequences may be useful for accurate staging diagnosis.Öğe Applicability of proximal humeral epiphysis ossification for forensic age estimation according to the Vieth method: a 3.0 T MRI study(Springer, 2021) Altinsoy, Hasan Baki; Gurses, Murat SerdarA retrospective study was conducted to explore the possibility of determining the age of majority via examination of the proximal humeral epiphyseal-diaphyseal fusion by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the Vieth classification. Proximal humeral epiphyses were retrospectively studied on 3.0 T MRI in 315 participants (122 females, 193 males) between 10 and 28 years of age, using T1-weighted turbo spin echo (T1W TSE) and proton density fat-saturated TSE sequence (PD FS TSE). A 5-stage scoring system was used following the method of Vieth et al. The relevant statistics were defined, the intraobserver and interobserver agreements were determined (Cohen's kappa) and the differences between the sexes were analyzed (Mann-Whitney U-test, p < 0.05, exact, two-sided). According to this study, stage 5 and stage 6 made it possible to correctly assess the majority in both sexes by examination of the epiphyses of the shoulder joint. The kappa statistics were a good level of agreement for the interobserver and intraobserver evaluations of the shoulder. There were no significant age differences between males and females in any of the stages (all p-values > 0.05). The Vieth classification provides important information in determining whether a person has reached the age of 18 years or not in both sexes through 3.0 T MRI of the shoulder joint.Öğe Evaluation of distal femoral epiphysis and proximal tibial epiphysis ossification using the Vieth method in living individuals: applicability in the estimation of forensic age(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Gurses, Murat Serdar; Altinsoy, Hasan BakiIn this study, ossification stages of distal femoral epiphysis and proximal tibial epiphysis were retrospectively evaluated with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner according to the newly developed five-stage Vieth method. A total of 367 male and 231 female patients aged 12-30 years were scanned between January 2012 and July 2019. A 1.5-T MRI scanner was used to obtain a T1-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence and a fat-suppressed proton density-weighted TSE image. The kappa statistics were good level of agreement for inter- and intra-observer evaluations of the ossification stages for knee. Comparison of male and female data revealed significant between-sex differences in the ages when the stages 3, 4 and 5 ossifications of the distal femoral epiphysis and the stages 4 and 5 ossifications of the proximal tibial epiphysis were first detected. In the proximal tibial epiphysis, stage 6 was observed at age 18 years for males and at age 17 years for females. In the distal femoral epiphysis, stage 6 was initially observed at age 20 years for both sexes. Thus, stage 6 ossification, which is determined through 1.5-T MRI of the knee joint, allows for the determination of the completion of the 18th year of life in either sex.Öğe Evaluation of distal tibial epiphysis and calcaneal epiphysis according to the Vieth method in 3.0 T magnetic resonance images: a pilot study(Springer, 2023) Gurses, Murat Serdar; Has, Busra; Altinsoy, Hasan Baki; Suzen, Halit SinanIn forensic medicine practice, age estimation-both in living and deceased individuals-can be requested due to legal requirements. Radiologic methods, such as X-rays, for the estimation of bone age have been discussed, and ethical concerns have been raised. Given these factors, radiologic methods that reduce radiation exposure have gained importance and have become one of the research topics in forensic medicine. In this study, the MR images of the ankles of patients aged between 8 and 25 years, obtained with a 3.0 T MR scanner, were evaluated retrospectively according to the staging method defined by Vieth et al. In the study, the ankle MR images of 201 cases (83 females and 118 males) with sagittal T1-weighted turbo spin echo and T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery sequences were evaluated independently by two observers. According to the results of our study, the intra- and inter-observer agreements are at a very good level for both the distal tibial and calcaneal epiphyses. All the cases detected as stages 2, 3, and 4 in both sexes for both the distal tibial and the calcaneal epiphyses have been determined to be under the age of 18 years. According to the data obtained from our study, we consider that stage 5 for males and stage 6 for both sexes in the distal tibial epiphysis and stage 6 for males in the calcaneal epiphysis can be used to estimate the age of 15 years. As far as we know, our study is the first to evaluate ankle MR images with the method defined by Vieth et al. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the validity of the procedure.Öğe Evaluation of knee ossification on 1.5 T magnetic resonance images using the method of Vieth et al. A retrospective magnetic resonance imaging study(Springer, 2021) Alatas, Ozkan; Altinsoy, Hasan Baki; Gurses, Murat Serdar; Balci, AliMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive method with the absence of ionizing radiation exposure and is therefore, preferable in studies for forensic age estimation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of ossification of the knee in a Turkish population following the Vieth et al. method. We scanned 709 Turkish patients in the age bracket 12-27 years utilizing a T1weighted (T1W) turbo spin echo sequence (TSE) and a T2-W TSE sequence with fat suppression by spectral presaturation with inversion recovery. Minimum, maximum, mean +/- standard deviation andmedian values were defined. Intraobserver and interobserver correlations were determined (Cohen's kappa). The statistical relevance of sex-related differences was analyzed (Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, p< 0.05, exact test, two-sided). The kappa statisticswere relatively high, indicating very good agreement for interobserver and intraobserver evaluations. Comparison of male and female data revealed significant between-gender differences for most stages (p< 0.05). The earliest mean ages at which ossification of stages 4, 5 and 6 were evident in the distal femoral epiphysis were 14.84, 15.81, and 20.76 years in males and 13.77, 14.77, and 20.45 years in females, respectively. Proximal tibial epiphysis of stages 4, 5, and 6 ossification was first noted at ages 13.57, 15.59, and 18.91 years in males and 13.29, 14.38, and 16.87 years in females, respectively. In the distal femoral epiphysis, stage 6 was found at 20 years of age for both genders and it can be employed to differentiate above and below the majority age cut-off.Öğe Evaluation of proximal humeral epiphysis ossification in 3.0 T MR images according to the Dedouit staging method: Is it be used for age of majority?(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Altinsoy, Hasan Baki; Gurses, Murat Serdar; Alatas, OzkanMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for forensic age estimation is among the research issues since it does not lead to radiation exposure. In this study, the ossification stage of the proximal humeral epiphysis was determined retrospectively in 178 male and 109 female individuals in the 12 to 30-year age group using 3.0 T MRI. All images were evaluated with the proton density fat saturated turbo spin echo (PD TSE FS) sequence and the T2 TSE FS sequence. A five-stage scoring system was used following the method of Dedouit et al. The relevant statistics were defined as minimum, maximum, mean +/- standard deviation, 95% confidence interval of mean and median and the intra- and interobserver agreement levels were very good (kappa > 0.80). There were no significant age differences between males and females in any of the stages (all p-values>0.05). According to the present study, stage 5 was initially observed at age 22 years for both genders. According to our results, it is possible to determine the completion of the 18th year of life in either gender on the shoulder joint. Proximal humeral epiphysis ossification may be used as an additional method for forensic age estimation through MRI.Öğe Forensic age estimation in living individuals by 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: a retrospective MRI study(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Altinsoy, Hasan Baki; Alatas, Ozkan; Gurses, Murat Serdar; Turkmen Inanir, NurselOur aim is to analyse proximal tibial epiphysis and distal femoral epiphysis patterns according to the Dedouit staging method using 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with fast spin echo (FSE) for proton density images. In addition, we discuss the results in relation to the literature for forensic age estimation. In this study, images belonging to 195 female and 277 male patients ranging in age from 10 to 30 years who had a knee MRI for any reason in our Radiology Clinic between January 2014 and December 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. According to the Dedouit et al. five-stage method, they were evaluated by two radiologists. The kappa value was calculated for intra-observer and inter-observer compliance. The evaluation of knee epiphysis patterns from MRI is an alternative, efficient, radiation-free and non-invasive method that is helpful in forensic age estimation. In particular, stage 5 in distal femoral epiphysis can determine the 21st year of life in both sexes, and proximal tibial epiphysis could present evidence of age 18 in males. It should be used for evaluation in addition to other methods for determining skeletal system maturity.
