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    Almond shell particle containing particleboard mechanical and physical properties
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Guler, Cengiz; Sarıkaya, Anilcan; Sertkaya, Ahmet Ali; Canli, Eyub
    A significant byproduct of almond fruit industry, hard almond shells, was considered as a supplement material in particleboards for contributing to the circular economy goal with a higher added value product. The envisioned particle boards were not only for furniture but also construction regarding insulation. Accordingly, industry unspecific boards were produced. Almond shells were obtained from industry and ground into particles ranging from 0.4 to 3.4 mm. Those particles were mixed with black pine particles in different mass ratios to produce particleboards. The production included chemical and physical processes. Generated particleboards were subjected to specific physical and mechanical tests. Physical properties, such as density, thickness swelling, and water absorption, were determined. Mechanical properties, including deflection, elasticity modulus, bending stress, and maximum force before failure values were also measured and calculated. Boards with different densities were subjected to same mechanical and physical tests. The results show that an increase in almond shell particle amount in the particleboard makes the board more brittle and rigid. The physical tests show less thickness swelling and water absorption with increasing amount of almond shell particles. Therefore, almond shell particles may be more favorable for indoor decoration or insulation instead of furniture. Board density has a marginal effect on mechanical behavior, and it should be one of the determinant factors for feasibility of the boards in different utilization scenarios.
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    Investigation of High-frequency Vacuum Drying on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Common Oak (Quercus robur) and Common Walnut (Juglans regia) Lumber
    (North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2020) Guler, Cengiz; Dilek, Burak
    In conventional drying kilns, the drying of especially thick lumber is not ideal in terms of drying quality and drying time. Therefore, it is important to dry thick and dense lumber by high-frequency electromagnetically heated vacuum drying. In this study, common oak (Quercus robur) and common walnut (Juglans regia) selected from local sources used in rifle stock were used as experimental material. These materials were technologically examined by drying the timber for a short time using a fully automated, high frequency vacuum (HF + V) drying kiln. Physical and mechanical properties of these tree species were compared after air drying and HF + V drying processes. There were no significant changes in physical properties. However, the mechanical properties such as bending strength, modulus of elasticity, compression strength, and dynamic bending strength were decreased. According to these results, non-overloaded areas like rifle stock can use high frequency vacuum drying as the preferred drying method compared to conventional drying methods.
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    Lamine Parke Üretiminde Lif Levha (HDF)’nin Kullanılma Olanakları
    (Düzce Üniversitesi, 2007) Guler, Cengiz; Çöpür, Yalçın; Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Büyüksarı, Ümit
    Bu çalışmada, orta katmanda lif levha (HDF) ve üst tabakada üç farklıağaç türü olarak kayın, meşe ve merbau’nun dört farklı yapıştırıcı olarak üreformaldehit (UF), fenol formaldehit (FF), melamin-üre formaldehit(MUF) vepolivinil asetat (PVA) tutkalları kullanılarak üretilen konrtparkelerin bazı fizikselve mekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Orta katman olarak kullanılan HDF’nin debazı fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Üretilen lamine parkelerinfiziksel özelliklerinden; yoğunluk, 2 ve 24 saat su alma ve kalınlık artımıdeğerleri, mekanik özelliklerinden eğilme direnci ve elastikiyet modülü değerleritespit edilmiştir.Sonuç olarak, eğilme direnci fenol formaldehit tutkalı ile üretilmiş lamineparkelerde en yüksek 78 N mm-2, en düşük PVA tutkalı ile üretilmiş lamineparkelerde 44.28 N mm-2, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü fenol formaldehit tutkalıile üretilmiş lamine parkelerde en yüksek 8049 N mm-2, PVA tutkalı ileüretilmiş lamine parkelerde en düşük 5183 N mm-2 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 24saat suya daldırma sonucunda kalınlık artımı fenol formaldehit tutkalı ileüretilmiş lamine parkelerde en düşük, PVA tutkalı ile üretilmiş lamineparkelerde en fazla olarak bulunmuştur. Özellikle boyutsal stabilizasyonunistendiği ve yüksek direnç özelliklerinin arandığı kullanım alanlarında fenolformaldehit tutkalı ile üretilmiş orta katmanı HDF olan lamine parkeler tercihedilebilir.