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Öğe Almond shell particle containing particleboard mechanical and physical properties(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Guler, Cengiz; Sarıkaya, Anilcan; Sertkaya, Ahmet Ali; Canli, EyubA significant byproduct of almond fruit industry, hard almond shells, was considered as a supplement material in particleboards for contributing to the circular economy goal with a higher added value product. The envisioned particle boards were not only for furniture but also construction regarding insulation. Accordingly, industry unspecific boards were produced. Almond shells were obtained from industry and ground into particles ranging from 0.4 to 3.4 mm. Those particles were mixed with black pine particles in different mass ratios to produce particleboards. The production included chemical and physical processes. Generated particleboards were subjected to specific physical and mechanical tests. Physical properties, such as density, thickness swelling, and water absorption, were determined. Mechanical properties, including deflection, elasticity modulus, bending stress, and maximum force before failure values were also measured and calculated. Boards with different densities were subjected to same mechanical and physical tests. The results show that an increase in almond shell particle amount in the particleboard makes the board more brittle and rigid. The physical tests show less thickness swelling and water absorption with increasing amount of almond shell particles. Therefore, almond shell particles may be more favorable for indoor decoration or insulation instead of furniture. Board density has a marginal effect on mechanical behavior, and it should be one of the determinant factors for feasibility of the boards in different utilization scenarios.Öğe Investigation of High-frequency Vacuum Drying on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Common Oak (Quercus robur) and Common Walnut (Juglans regia) Lumber(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2020) Guler, Cengiz; Dilek, BurakIn conventional drying kilns, the drying of especially thick lumber is not ideal in terms of drying quality and drying time. Therefore, it is important to dry thick and dense lumber by high-frequency electromagnetically heated vacuum drying. In this study, common oak (Quercus robur) and common walnut (Juglans regia) selected from local sources used in rifle stock were used as experimental material. These materials were technologically examined by drying the timber for a short time using a fully automated, high frequency vacuum (HF + V) drying kiln. Physical and mechanical properties of these tree species were compared after air drying and HF + V drying processes. There were no significant changes in physical properties. However, the mechanical properties such as bending strength, modulus of elasticity, compression strength, and dynamic bending strength were decreased. According to these results, non-overloaded areas like rifle stock can use high frequency vacuum drying as the preferred drying method compared to conventional drying methods.Öğe Lamine Parke Üretiminde Lif Levha (HDF)’nin Kullanılma Olanakları(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2007) Guler, Cengiz; Çöpür, Yalçın; Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Büyüksarı, ÜmitBu çalışmada, orta katmanda lif levha (HDF) ve üst tabakada üç farklıağaç türü olarak kayın, meşe ve merbau’nun dört farklı yapıştırıcı olarak üreformaldehit (UF), fenol formaldehit (FF), melamin-üre formaldehit(MUF) vepolivinil asetat (PVA) tutkalları kullanılarak üretilen konrtparkelerin bazı fizikselve mekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Orta katman olarak kullanılan HDF’nin debazı fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Üretilen lamine parkelerinfiziksel özelliklerinden; yoğunluk, 2 ve 24 saat su alma ve kalınlık artımıdeğerleri, mekanik özelliklerinden eğilme direnci ve elastikiyet modülü değerleritespit edilmiştir.Sonuç olarak, eğilme direnci fenol formaldehit tutkalı ile üretilmiş lamineparkelerde en yüksek 78 N mm-2, en düşük PVA tutkalı ile üretilmiş lamineparkelerde 44.28 N mm-2, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü fenol formaldehit tutkalıile üretilmiş lamine parkelerde en yüksek 8049 N mm-2, PVA tutkalı ileüretilmiş lamine parkelerde en düşük 5183 N mm-2 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 24saat suya daldırma sonucunda kalınlık artımı fenol formaldehit tutkalı ileüretilmiş lamine parkelerde en düşük, PVA tutkalı ile üretilmiş lamineparkelerde en fazla olarak bulunmuştur. Özellikle boyutsal stabilizasyonunistendiği ve yüksek direnç özelliklerinin arandığı kullanım alanlarında fenolformaldehit tutkalı ile üretilmiş orta katmanı HDF olan lamine parkeler tercihedilebilir.Öğe SOME PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLE BOARDS PRODUCED FROM INDUSTRIAL WOOD CHIPS AND SCOTS PINE (Pines sylvestris) CONES(Univ Bio-Bio, 2025) Karahan, Selim; Guler, CengizThis study investigated the potential use of Scots pine cones as an alternative raw material to larch wood chips for particle board production. Due to the increasing scarcity of forest resources, exploring alternative raw material for the forest industry has gained importance in in recent years. Particle boards were produced in laboratory conditions by blending industrial wood chips with Scots pine cones in varying proportions (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) and usingr urea formaldehyde glue. The adhesice mixture contained 55 % urea formaldehyde glue and 33 % ammonium chloride as a hardener. Te production parameters included a press temperature of 150 degrees C, a press time was 7 minutes, and a press pressure of 2,4 MPa to 2,6 MPa. The resulting boards had a thickness of 16 mm and a density ranging from 730 kg/m3 to 740 kg/m3. Tests for thickness iswelling, water absorption, , bending strength, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength perpendicular to the surface were conducted. Results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the boards containing up to 25 % Scots pine cone met the required standards.Öğe SOME PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLE BOARDS PRODUCED WITH HAZELNUT HUSK AND(Univ Bio-Bio, 2025) Karahan, Selim; Guler, CengizIn this study, under laboratory conditions, hazelnut husk and astragalus plant were mixed separately into black pine wood chips, and multi-purpose boards were produced from the obtained chips with urea formaldehyde glue. After the hazelnut husk and astragalus plant were dried and ground, they were added to the chip and glue mixture in certain proportions. Hazelnut husk mixture ratios were applied as 100 %; 0 %, 75 %; 25 %, 50 %; 50 %, 25 %; 75 %, 0 %; 100 % to black pine wood chip in the particle board mixture. These ratios were made in the same way for the astragalus plant. From these mixtures, chipboard blanks of 16 mm thickness and densities between 0,68 g/cm3 and 0,72 g/cm3 were produced. Density, moisture content, thickness increase, water intake, bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending and tensile strength perpendicular to the surface were tested in physical and mechanical experiments. According to the results obtained, as the participation rate of hazelnut shells and astragalus increased, the durability properties of the panels decreased. At the same time, it shows that the technological properties of the panels produced by adding up to 25 % astragalus plant and hazelnut shells to the mixture comply with the standards.
