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    Life in the front yard - the reciprocal interaction between residents and the American city
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Kickert, Conrad; Gregg, Kelly; Gokce, Duygu
    By inhabiting and adapting the public-private interface in front of their homes, residents negotiate their relationship with passersby and public space, seeking to maximize their fit and satisfaction with their broader living environment. This study investigates how residents inhabit and adapt their public-private front yard interface in an urban American neighborhood, and how this process influences residents' satisfaction and sense of place. The study concludes that most elements that residents place in their front yard positively influence their sense of place, but that especially elements that afford sociability of the public-private interface have an outsize positive influence.
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    Multimodal and scale-sensitive assessment of sense of place in residential areas of Ankara, Turkey
    (Springer, 2021) Gokce, Duygu; Chen, Fei
    In order to make the phenomenological concept sense of place (SoP) pragmatic in design and planning, this research investigates the SoP indicators concerning spatial scales of the physical environment. Seven indicators are extracted from the literature, namely 'place identity', 'place dependence', 'nature bonding', 'social bonding', 'sense of belonging', 'familiarity' and 'social interaction'. In this paper, their relevance was discussed against 'place attachment' which is used interchangeably with SoP in the literature. 'Place attachment' and the seven indicators were scored through interviews with residents in general and at the the building, street and neighbourhood scales, in six housing developments selected from Ankara, Turkey. The residents rated their experiences regarding a set of statements for each indicator using the seven-point Likert scale. The data sets then were validated statistically. The correlations between each indicator and 'place attachment' in general and at the three scales were identified. The results showed that 'place identity' and 'place dependence' were the most relevant indicators to SoP, at the street and neighbourhood scales in particular. The second most relevant indicators were 'sense of belonging' and 'social bonding' at the building and street scales and 'social interaction' at the street scale. The research suggests that these five indicators could be employed to evaluate SoP at all scales or guide place-making at a particular spatial scale in planning and design.
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    What if sense of place is already strong? An in-depth investigation in an award-winning American neighbourhood
    (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd, 2024) Gokce, Duygu; Kickert, Conrad
    This study investigates the sense of place (SoP) as a function of spatial characteristics of Buffalo, New York's Elmwood Village, an award-winning American neighbourhood for its perceived strong SoP. The primary aim is to provide empirical proof of this claimed strength of the neighbourhood's SoP at the building, street and neighbourhood scales and to offer a multi-dimensional understanding of SoP by investigating its four sub-indicators, namely place attachment, place identity, place dependence and nature bonding. By studying the perceptual dynamics with a survey method, place identity and place attachment were identified as the most important determinants of SoP at the neighbourhood scale, while place identity and place dependence took the lead at smaller scales. The study of spatial dynamics showed that SoP can be improved to varied degrees for each of the four sub-indicators based on variances in building and street characteristics. For instance, residing in single-family houses or houses with three-and-more bedrooms may result in higher SoP; or place identity may be affected by the open sky coverage or vegetation coverage, etc. Elmwood Village has demonstrated the power of SoP at all scales, and the neighbourhood itself undoubtedly holds a special place in the hearts of its residents. Overall, planners and designers should concentrate on which spatial qualities and scales should be prioritised in future improvement plans to maintain and/or build SoP.