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Öğe Cellulose and lignin in place of EPDM and carbon black for automotive sealing profiles(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Poyraz, Bayram; Güner, Yusuf; Tozluoğlu, Ayhan; Aslan, RecaiThis study aims at using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lignin in place of EPDM and carbon black with specified amounts to investigate the chemical, thermal, rheometric, mechanical, thermo-aging and morphological properties of EPDM elastomers. At the end of the study, the introduction of the MCC and lignin enabled higher elastic modulus and tear strength unlike tensile strength by revealing minor chemical shifts and lower thermal stability. In addition, the MCC and lignin facilitated the vulcanization process with fewer torque values by dispersing mostly homogeneously in the matrix. It was shown that all of the mechanical values were found to be in the range of the specified standard after the replacement of the MCC and lignin. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Öğe The Effect of Flamestab (R) NOR 116 on EPDM-based Automotive Sealing Profiles(Rubber Res Inst Malaysia, 2018) Küçük, Sibel Dikmen; Gerengi, Hüsnü; Güner, YusufEthylene propylene diene polymethylene (EPDM) rubber is one of the fastest growing synthetic rubbers in the market. It is widely used in many fields due to its easy processing and high resistance against outdoor conditions compared to other rubber types. However like all organic compounds, over time it is degraded under weathering conditions such as radiation, heat, ozone and chemical media, all of which can contribute to loss of bulk properties and reduce its service life. Cracks, discoloration, breakage, or staining can occur on the surface of visible automotive profiles due to the effect of UV light. These phenomena are definitely undesirable. In this study, five different EPDM rubber compounds (control and four different Flamestab (R) NOR 116 concentrations) were produced. The effects of the Flamestab NOR 116 were investigated by mechanical and rheological tests and ageing using the internationally recognised Florida artificial weathering test. The aged surfaces were visually scrutinised and surface morphological changes were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. The results obtained showed that Flamestab (R) NOR 116 can be used as a UV stabiliser for EPDM rubber applications if it is added in amounts of between 1.25 and 2.0 phr.Öğe The effect of Tinuvin derivatives as an ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer on EPDM rubber(International University of Sarajevo, 2018) Küçük, Sibel Dikmen; Gerengi, Hüsnü; Güner, YusufEthylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) is one of the most widely used synthetic rubbers, especially in the automotive industry. Despite its many benefits, the chief weakness of EPDM has been the color change occurring in its products due to ultraviolet (UV) rays. It is recognized that UV energy causes the dissociation of bonds (mostly C-C and C-H) in EPDM materials as well as cracks and color changes on the surface. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the Tinuvin derivatives widely used as UV stabilizers in the plastics industry on EPDM rubber. The EPDM rubber plates were prepared by adding Tinuvin-P, Tinuvin-213 and Tinuvin-234 as UV absorbers (UVAs) and Tinuvin-123 as hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) material at a ratio of 1.0 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber) to an available EPDM formula. The effects of the Tinuvin derivatives were investigated by the internationally recognized Florida outdoor aging test. The surfaces of the EPDM plates were visually scrutinized and surface morphological changes were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry analyses. The results obtained showed that, unlike in the plastic industry, not all Tinuvin derivatives could be used as UV stabilizers for EPDM products. Of all the tested Tinuvin derivatives, the Tinuvin-123 compound was the most effective, indicating it to be suitable for use as a protective UV stabilizer for EPDM rubber applications. Thus, an important issue such as the UV resistance of sealing profiles made by EPDM rubber has been contributed about the suitability of Tinuvin derivatives. © 2018 Sibel Dikmen Kucuk, Husnu Gerengi, Yusuf Guner.Öğe Effect of Ultraviolet Stabilizers on Rubber-Based Automotive Sealing Profiles(2018) Küçük, Sibel Dikmen; Gerengi, Hüsnü; Güner, YusufKapı, cam, kaput ve bagaj gibi aracın görünür ve görünmez birçok bölgesinde kullanılan sızdırmazlık profilleri; sentetik etilen propilen dien monomer (EPDM) kauçuktan üretilmektedir. Etilen, propilen ve doymamış dien moleküllerinin bu kombinasyonu, yüksek mekanik özellikler sergiler ve su geçirmez bir yapı oluşturur. Güneş ışığına maruz kalan görünür bölgede kullanılan sızdırmaz profillerin yüzeyinde, yüksek yoğunluklu ultraviyole (UV) radyasyonun ve güneş ışığının etkisiyle, zamanla renk değişimi, çatlama ve lekelenme gözlemlenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, plastik endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan UV stabilizatörlerin EPDM kauçuğunun UV dayanımına olan etkisini araştırmaktır. UV stabilizatörleri, polimerde meydana gelen kimyasal bağ kırılımı nedeni ile oluşan serbest radikaller ile tepkimeye girerek veya UV ışımayı absorbe ederek polimeri UV ışınlarına karşı korur. Mevcut EPDM formülasyonuna farklı tip ve farklı oranlarda UV stabilizatörler eklenerek EPDM hamur plakaları oluşturulmuştur. UV stabilizatörlerin EPDM plakaları üzerindeki etkileri; mekanik testler ve yüksek yoğunluklu güneş ışığı, yüksek yoğunluklu UV ile yüksek sıcaklık/nem içeren iklim koşullarına sahip ve uluslararası alanda tanınmış Florida açık hava yaşlanma testi ile ölçülmüştürÖğe Influence of micro crystalline cellulose on EPDM-based automotive sealing profile(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Poyraz, Bayram; Güner, Yusuf; Yardım, Tayfun; Yamanoğlu, Rıdvan; Tozluoğlu, Ayhan; Durmuş, Sefa; Şen, MuratThis study examined the effects of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) used in EPDM elastomer composites in replace of EPDM. For that purpose, the MCC was added in amounts of 1.75; 3, 5, and 5 , 25 phr to investigate the chemical, thermal, rheological, mechanical, morphological, and dielectric properties of EPDM elastomers. At the end of the study, the MCC enabled increased tensile strength, and elongation while causing lower thermal stability and Mooney scorch. The MCC also facilitated the vulcanization process by providing faster production while mixing homogeneously in the matrix. In addition, it decreased dielectric lossyness as well as increased the electric charge storage capacity. However, E-Cel2, containing 3, 5 phr MCC, was found to be more suitable for high-K applications, whereas E-Cel3 was more suitable for low-loss applications. In conclusion, MCC can be also recommended to automotive industries to provide more biocompatible and enhanced properties as a substitute for EPDM.Öğe Investigation of Shelf Life for Door Seal Mixture in Automotive Industry(2022) Cihan, Ahmet; Kantoğlu, Barış; Güner, Yusuf; Argun, İrem DüzdarThe door seals for vehicles in automotive industry, which are one of the most important components, provide insulation and damping. Quality of the product highly depends on the shelf life of the seal compound under required temperature. The most important parameters of the compound are its viscosity and scorch values. The aim of this study is to determine the most suitable shelf life in manufacturing and storage processes for seal compound. For stating the important factors affecting shelf life of frequently used main two types of seal compound, interviews are made with the producing firm. Then for both types of compound, series of controlled experiments are performed, and linear estimation models are developed with the help of the results of these experiments. In this study, the results of generated multi variable regression models are presented. It is seen that the generated estimation models can be employed by the producers, and the results of the experiments are overlapping with the results of studies performed in the literature.Öğe Lignin in Place of Carbon Black for Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer Based Automotive Sealing Profiles(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2022) Poyraz, Bayram; Güner, Yusuf; Tozluoğlu, Ayhan; Yamanoğlu, Rıdvan; Candan, Zeki; Şen, MuratThis study examined the effects of lignin used in EPDM elastomer composites in place of carbon black. For that purpose, lignin was added in amounts of 3.5, 7, and 10.5 phr to investigate the chemical, thermal, rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of the EPDM elastomers. At the end of the study, tear strength and elongation were enhanced, whereas thermal stability was lowered due to the lignin. The lignin facilitated the vulcanization process and improved the torque values. In the morphology, the lignin was dispersed homogeneously in the matrix, and no voids or cracks were observed except with 10.5 phr. In conclusion, when incorporated at a specified ratio, lignin is economical and provides ecological benefits. Its use as a natural filler can be recommended to automotive industries to provide enhanced properties and ecological properties as a substitute for carbon black.Öğe Mechanical, rheological and aging properties of nano-fibrillated cellulose/EPDM composites(2022) Tozluoğlu, Ayhan; Sertkaya, Selva; Güner, Yusuf; Küçük, Sibel Dikmen; Arslan, RecaiThis work was aimed to develop green composite materials from nanocellulose / Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber. The obtained green composites were investigated in terms of chemical, thermal, mechanical, morphological, and aging properties. The results obtained in this work showed that the tensile strength and elasticity of the composites decreased with nanocellulose while permanent set values increased. Green composite materials have lower scorch values that means easier and faster vulcanization. Some cracks and staining were seen after 250h aging over 3 phr of nanocellulose whereas the surfaces were not degraded up to 100h weathering. All values are in the range of acceptable limits except for tear strength. Briefly, the study conducted reveals that nanocellulose can be used with EPDM until the concentration of 10.0 phr without any chemical degradation. Thus, sealing profiles used in automotive sector can be produced by nanocellulose/EPDM green composites instead of EPDM rubber. This can be an innovative technology in order to replace petroleum-based materials with bio-degradable materials.Öğe The effect of Centrifuged Hot-Dip Galvanisation (CHDG) Process on the Corrosion on Nuts(Duzce University, 2025) Gerengi, Hüsnü; Maraşlı, Muhammed; Yıldız, Mesut; Coskun, Kader; Güner, Yusuf; Aşıkoğlu, BeyzaThe bolted fasteners, widely used in various industries, are the fundamental structural components most commonly used in the assembly of steel structures. Bolted fasteners offer advantages such as versatility, reliability, minimal maintenance and inspection costs, easy and fast assembly, and good strength under variable loads. However, fastener failures occur due to complex loading conditions, hydrogen embrittlement during fabrication or service, fatigue failures due to alternative stress, and combined effects of corrosion and stress. Therefore, the study of fastener failure is critical for safety in both every day and industrial applications. Zinc plating has long been a preferred method of protecting fasteners from corrosive environments. One of the most commonly used methods for coating fasteners today is the centrifugal hot dip galvanising (CHDG) process. CHDG is suitable for outdoor applications on small metal parts (bolts, nuts, washers) that cannot be hot dip galvanised. Centrifugation removes all excess zinc from the threads of bolts. Oversized nuts fit perfectly on very small parts. In this study, nut samples coated with CHDG were exposed to corrosion in a corrosive environment according to ASTM B117 standards. At the end of thirteen (13) days, the outer surface of the nut attached to the screw was cut and the screw steps were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The results show that the zinc coating on the surface produced by the CHDG process is effective in protecting the metal nuts against corrosion. The zinc patina begins its development with exposure to oxygen in the atmosphere, forming a layer of zinc oxide on the surface. Moisture from rain or humid air reacts with the zinc oxide to form zinc hydroxide which then reacts with carbon dioxide present in the air to form the tightly adherent, insoluble zinc patina.Öğe Ultraviyole stabilizatörlerin kauçuk esaslı otomotiv sızdırmazlık profilleri üzerindeki etkisi(Duzce University, 2018) Dikmen Küçük, Sibel; Gerengi, Doç. Dr. Hüsnü; Güner, YusufKapı, cam, kaput ve bagaj gibi aracın görünür ve görünmez birçok bölgesinde kullanılan sızdırmazlık profilleri; sentetik etilen propilen dien monomer (EPDM) kauçuktan üretilmektedir. Etilen, propilen ve doymamış dien moleküllerinin bu kombinasyonu, yüksek mekanik özellikler sergiler ve su geçirmez bir yapı oluşturur. Güneş ışığına maruz kalan görünür bölgede kullanılan sızdırmaz profillerin yüzeyinde, yüksek yoğunluklu ultraviyole (UV) radyasyonun ve güneş ışığının etkisiyle, zamanla renk değişimi, çatlama ve lekelenme gözlemlenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, plastik endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan UV stabilizatörlerin EPDM kauçuğunun UV dayanımına olan etkisini araştırmaktır. UV stabilizatörleri, polimerde meydana gelen kimyasal bağ kırılımı nedeni ile oluşan serbest radikaller ile tepkimeye girerek veya UV ışımayı absorbe ederek polimeri UV ışınlarına karşı korur. Mevcut EPDM formülasyonuna farklı tip ve farklı oranlarda UV stabilizatörler eklenerek EPDM hamur plakaları oluşturulmuştur. UV stabilizatörlerin EPDM plakaları üzerindeki etkileri; mekanik testler ve yüksek yoğunluklu güneş ışığı, yüksek yoğunluklu UV ile yüksek sıcaklık/nem içeren iklim koşullarına sahip ve uluslararası alanda tanınmış Florida açık hava yaşlanma testi ile ölçülmüştür.
