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    Long Term Effects of Tear Gases on Respiratory System: Analysis of 93 Cases
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014) Arbak, Peri Meram; Başer, İlknur; Kumbasar, Özlem Özdemir; Ülger, Füsun; Kılıçaslan, Zeki; Evyapan, Fatma
    Aim. This study aimed to assess the long-term respiratory effects of tear gases among the subjects with history of frequent exposure. Materials and Methods. A questionnaire by NIOSH and pulmonary function tests was performed in 93 males exposed to the tear gases frequently and 55 nonexposed subjects. Results. The mean numbers of total exposure and last 2 years exposure were 8.4 +/- 6.4 times, 5.6 +/- 5.8 times, respectively. Tear gas exposed subjects were presented with a higher rate for cough and phlegm more than 3 months (24.7% versus 11.3%,P > 0.05). Mean FEV1/FVC and % predicted MMFR in smoker exposed subjects are significantly lower than those in smoker controls (81.7% versus 84.1%,P = 0.046 and 89.9% versus 109.6%,P = 0.0004, resp.). % predicted MMFR in nonsmoker exposed subjects is significantly lower than that in nonsmoker controls (99.4% versus 113.1%,P = 0.05). Odds ratios for chest tightness, exercise dyspnea, dyspnea on level ground, winter morning cough, phlegm, and daily phlegm were increased almost 2 to 2.5 folds among tear gas exposed subjects. Conclusion. The rates for respiratory complaints were high in the case of the exposure to the tear gases previously. Tears gas exposed subjects were found to be under the risk for chronic bronchitis.
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    The long term influence of tear gases on human's respiratory system
    (European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2013) Arbak, Peri Meram; Başer, İlknur; Kumbasar, Özlem Özdemir; Kılıçaslan, Zeki; Ülger, Füsun; Evyapan, Fatma
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    Work related symptoms of adult patients with asthma: A multicenter, national, questionnaire based study
    (European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2015) Mungan, Dilşad; Özmen, İpek; Evyapan, Fatma; Topçu, Füsun; Akgün, Metin; Arbak, Peri Meram; Bülbül, Yılmaz
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    Work-Related Symptoms of Patients with Asthma: A Multicenter Study
    (2019) Mungan, Dilşad; Özmen, İpek; Evyapan, Fatma; Topçu, Füsun; Akgün, Metin; Arbak, Peri; Bülbül, Yılmaz
    OBJECTIVES: It is considered that occupational exposure accounts for up to 25% of all cases of adult asthma. We need detailed individual-level data regarding the relationship between asthma, occupation, and work-related symptoms in Turkey to inform policies onworkplace safety. This study aimed to investigate the association between asthma symptoms, occupation type, and workplace exposurein patients with asthma.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, adult patients with asthma were investigated by a questionnairein terms of relationship between asthma symptoms and workplace exposure. The study population was adult patients who had been diagnosed with asthma for at least six months prior to study and who were under follow-up in Ankara, İstanbul, Erzurum, Düzce, Trabzon,Denizli, and Diyarbakır.RESULTS: The mean age of the 345 cases (188 females) was 41±13 years. The majority of the patients (36.8%) were "housewives”; othercommon occupations were office workers (6.7%), textile workers (4%), students (3.8%), hospital staff (3.5%), and cleaners (2.9%). Thirtyfive percent of patients described worsening of asthma during working periods. Among patients with a history of increased symptomsin workplace, 100 (83%) developed asthma after starting work, while 20 patients (17%) had pre-existing asthma. Half of the patientsdescribed workplace exposure to dust, fume, and gases. Exposure to cleaning supplies at home was present in 43% of the subjects. Ofall housewives, 12% (n=15) described an increase in their asthma symptoms during housework. The frequency of bleach or hydrochloricacid use alone among housewives was 60% and 34%, which was significantly higher than other occupations. The FEV1/FVC ratio ofhousewives who frequently used hydrochloric acid (FEV1/FVC=71.5) was lower than that of non-users (FEV1/FVC=74.9) (p=0.024).CONCLUSION: Patients with asthma experience significant workplace exposures that exacerbate their symptoms. Housewives experience significant exposure that triggers allergic and asthma symptoms. It is important to raise awareness about the prevalence and risksof occupational (including in-home) exposures in asthmatics patients and physicians to minimize asthma triggers and exacerbations.
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    Workplace exposures as risk factors for COPD, asthma and allergic rhinitis in Turkey (WORK-CAT study)
    (European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2015) Kurt, Emel; Demir, Ahmet Uğur; Arbak, Peri Meram; Evyapan, Fatma; Özdemir, Tarkan; Şahin, Ünal; Uçar, Elif Yılmazel
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