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    Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Entomopathogens for the Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
    (Tarbiat Modares Univ, 2022) Eski, Ardahan; Bayramoğlu, Zeynep; Sönmez, Emine; Biryol, Seda; Demir, İsmail
    Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) damages potato, tomato, and eggplant, and is one of the most serious agricultural pests all over the world. Due to its resistance against chemical insecticides and some biopesticides, new biocontrol agents compatible with different ecological conditions are needed urgently for the integrated pest management programs of this pest. For this purpose, we studied the insecticidal effects of thirteen indigenous microbial isolates including entomopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and nematodes from our culture collection against L. decemlineata with screening and dose-response tests under laboratory conditions. Bacillus thuringiensis strain Xd3 caused 83% and 73% mortality against larvae and adults of the pest at 10(9) CFU mL(-1) concentration within 10 days, respectively. While fungal isolate Metarhizium anisopliae Gg-12 yielded 98% mortality with 107 conidia mL(-1) concentration on larvae at 15 days, mortality provided by Gg-12 on adults reached 100% at the same concentration and period. Steinernema websteri AS1 was determined as the most effective entomopathogenic nematode with 92% mortality within seven days on larvae. Based on probit analysis, the LC50 values of B. thuringiensis Xd3 against larvae and adults were calculated as, respectively, 1.73x10(6) and 1.69x10(7) CFU mL(-1), and that of M. anisopliae Gg12 were 1.18x10(4) and 6.2x10(3) conidia mL(-1), and that of S. websteri AS1 was 117 IJs mL(-1). Considering these results, the biopesticides developed from these isolates can be used safely and successfully in the pest management control programs of Colorado potato beetle.
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    Stability of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) isolates during repeated in vitro subculture and evaluation of an oil-in-water mycoinsecticide
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2022) Sönmez, Emine; Uzunoğlu, Hülya; Eski, Ardahan; Demirbag, Zihni; Demir, İsmail
    Nine Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) isolates were evaluated for efficacy against Melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae, stability in culture, and the superior isolate used to produce an oil-in-water mycoinsecticide. The phenotypic and genotypic characters of four isolates with high virulence were evaluated for their stability after repeating 12 cycles of in vitro subculture. Repeated subculture did not affect the germination of conidia; however, the morphology of some isolates changed significantly. Three isolates lost their virulence, whereas the KTU-2 isolate remained highly pathogenic. Therefore, KTU-2 was selected as the superior isolate for mycoinsecticide production. After the conidia of KTU-2 were produced by solid-state fermentation using cracked rice as the substrate, the conidia were formulated as an oil-in-water emulsion and its efficacy was assessed. The formulation caused 80% mortality on Me. melolontha larvae even at the lowest application rate (1 x 10(5) conidia/mL) in pot experiments, and complete mortality was obtained with the concentration of 1 x 10(7) conidia/mL. Lethal concentrations that kill 50% and 95% of Me. melolontha larvae present were estimated as 9.29 x 10(3) and 2.1 x 10(6) conidia/mL, respectively. Oil-in-water mycoinsecticide could be a potential candidate for the commercial control of Me. melolontha and other white grubs.