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    Preparation of Novel Composites of Polyvinyl Alcohol Containing Hesperidin Loaded ZnO Nanoparticles and Determination of Their Biological and Thermal Properties
    (Springer, 2023) Erol, İbrahim; Hazman, Ömer; Aksu, Mecit
    Hesperidin (HSP) is considered to be the most effective antimicrobial agent against SARS-CoV2 virus. The HSP was loaded onto ZnO nanoparticles that were successfully incorporated, via the hydrothermal method, into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for use as food packaging material. The hydrothermal method enabled the bioactive ZnO-HSP to be homogeneously dispersed in the PVA, which significantly increased the thermal stability of the matrix, while decreasing the softening temperature. The water holding capacity and water solubility of the obtained nanocomposites was reduced compared to the PVA. Finally, the ZnO-HSP antimicrobial agent contributed important antibacterial properties to the PVA and increased its antioxidant capacity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli pathogens. In addition, the nanocomposites had no cytotoxic/proliferative effects on cancer cells. All results showed promise that the PVA/ZnO-HSP nanocomposites would be an excellent alternative for food packaging applications.
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    Preparation of poly(AAm-co-HEMA)/ZnO nanocomposites via in situ polymerization/hydrothermal method and determination of their properties
    (Springer, 2022) Erol, İbrahim; Aksu, Mecit; Gürler, Zeki
    In this study, nanocomposites of acrylamide (AAm) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogel containing ZnO nanoparticles in different ratios by mass (1, 3, and 5%) were synthesized using in situ polymerization/hydrothermal method. It was determined that the hydrogel contained 60% HEMA in the copolymer composition calculated with the help of H-1-NMR. Characterization of materials was carried out by SEM, BET, FTIR, UV-Vis, TGA, and XRD techniques. The Ea and Tg value and thermal stability of the pure poly(AAm-co-HEMA) hydrogel were increased by adding ZnO. The water absorption capacity of nanocomposites was determined by swelling experiments. As the amount of ZnO in the composites increased, the degree of swelling decreased. Biological activities of poly(AAm-co-HEMA) and nanocomposites against gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria increased as the amount of ZnO increased. Finally, The dielectric properties of the poly(AAm-co-HEMA) and nanocomposites were investigated as a function of frequency at 25 degrees C temperature in the frequency range of 1-200 kHz.
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    Synergistic effect of ZnO nanoparticles and hesperidin on the antibacterial properties of chitosan
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Erol, İbrahim; Hazman, Ömer; Aksu, Mecit; Bulut, Emine
    In this study, hesperidin (HSP) biological agent, which has strong antioxidant properties, was successfully transferred to ZnO nanoparticles, which were first synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Then, chitosan (CS)/ZnO-HSP nanocomposites were produced by adding different ratios of the ZnO-HSPs to the biodegradable CS biopolymer by hydrothermal method. The resulting materials were characterized using various biophysical strategies, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mean particle size of ZnO was estimated to be 29 nm from the XRD calculations and SEM measurements. The effect of the ZnO-HSPs on the thermal properties of pure CS was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques, and improvements were noted in the thermal properties of CS. While the T-g value of CS was 81 degrees C, this value increased by 13-94 degrees C with the addition of 6 wt% by weight of the ZnO-HSP. The antibacterial effect of materials was determined by the disc diffusion method. The ZnO-HSPs added to the CS caused the nanocomposites to have a remarkable effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms. While the inhibition diameter of the CS against E. coli was 18.3, the same value increased to 22.3 for the composite containing 6 wt% the ZnO-HSP. The HSP increased the antioxidant capacity of both the ZnO-HSP particles and the CS/ZnO-HSP nanocomposites, reducing the toxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles. Thus, it was determined that the CS/ZnO-HSP nanocomposites did not have any cytotoxicity in healthy human cells. The fact that the produced nanocomposites exhibit antibacterial activity and do not harm human cells shows that they can be a safe product for health. From all these results, this triple hybrid system is hoped that it will be used in biomedical applications as a naturally-sourced, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective composite biomaterial by combining its antimicrobial and strong antioxidant properties.
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    Synthesis of Moringa oleifera coated silver-containing nanocomposites of a new methacrylate polymer having pendant fluoroarylketone by hydrothermal technique and investigation of thermal, optical, dielectric and biological properties
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Erol, İbrahim; Ciğerci, İbrahim Hakkı; Özkara, Arzu; Akyil, Dilek; Aksu, Mecit
    Firstly, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by green synthesis method from Moringa oleifera extract. Nanocomposites containing newly synthesized methacrylate polymer, poly 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl-2-methylprop-2-enoate (PFPAMA) and Ag nanoparticles from M. oleifera in different mass ratios (1, 3, and 5 wt%) were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The morphological and structural properties of the materials have been examined by SEM, FTIR, UV, TGA, and XRD techniques. The activation energies (E-a) related to thermal decomposition of the nanocomposites were estimated by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose methods by using non-isothermal TGA experiments. The thermal stability, glass transition temperature (T-g), and the thermal decomposition activation energy (E-a) values of nanocomposites were increased by increasing the Ag nanoparticles amount on the composite. The dielectric constant (epsilon '), the dielectric loss factor (epsilon '') and ac conductivity of neat PFPAMA and nanocomposites were also measured for the frequency range of 100 Hz to 2 kHz at 25 degrees C. It was seen that the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor decreased with increasing frequency. The biological activities of nanocomposites against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and Candida krusei yeast were also tested. The antibacterial effect increased against both bacterial species as the amount of Ag nanoparticles from M. oleifera in the nanocomposites increased. In addition, the wound healing properties of nanocomposites were investigated by the scratch wound test.
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    Synthesis of novel methacrylate-based nanocomposites containing ZnO via the hydrothermal method and determination of thermal, optical, and biocidal properties
    (Wiley, 2022) Erol, İbrahim; Aksu, Mecit; Gürler, Zeki
    In this work, the hydrothermal method was used to prepare nanocomposites of a new methacrylate polymer (PFPAMA) carrying the aryl fluoro group in the side branch and containing different mass ratios (1%, 3%, and 5%) of nano ZnO. Morphological and structural properties of the PFPAMA-ZnO nanocomposites were determined via scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet (UV), and X-ray diffraction, whereas the thermal properties of the nanocomposites were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The obtained results showed that the thermal stability and glass transition temperature (T-g) of the nanocomposites had increased with the increase in the amount of ZnO. Thermal degradation activation energies (E-a) of the nanocomposites were calculated via non-isothermal TGA experiments using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose methods. Both calculated E-a values were compatible with each other and increased in parallel with the ZnO increases. The UV measurements showed that the ZnO nanoparticles added to the PFPAMA played an important role as a UV barrier, and thus expanding the potential applications of the PFPAMA polymer. Finally, the biological activities of the PFPAMA/ZnO nanocomposites against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria were also tested.