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Öğe Analysis of activity, space and user relations in urban squares(Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Acar, Habibe; Yavuz, Aysel; Eroglu, Engin; Acar, Cengiz; Sancar, Cenap; Degermenci, Ahmet SalihWith the increasing density of built spaces in urban areas, the need for open spaces increases every day. Squares are one of the most important of these open spaces. Urban squares allow various activities and exhibit functional differences based on location and culture. The diversity of activities conducted in squares is extremely important for the quality and viability of liveable urban spaces. Urban residents prefer spaces that are suitable for individual requirements and desires and allow for a variety of activities. These spaces also contribute to social life. This article aimed to determine the user profile, occupancy, facilities and activity diversity at the Ataturk Plaza (Trabzon urban square) in Trabzon, the capital city of Trabzon Province, Turkey. The occupants of the square and their numbers were analysed via the behaviour observation method. As a result of the observations conducted in the square over one year, 17 activities were identified. The majority of these activities were necessary activities and that the most common activity was walking. The occupancy density and distribution in the square were analysed using the Geographical Information System (GIS). These research findings and analyses could serve as a guide for future urban square and urban open space designs.Öğe Bird diversity along a riparian corridor in a moderate urban landscape(Elsevier, 2020) Keten, Akif; Eroglu, Engin; Kaya, Sertac; Anderson, James T.Civilization built around rivers directly affects riparian corridor structure and ecology. Degradation, pollution, and deterioration along riparian corridors in urban landscapes change species composition and biodiversity. Birds are one of the most vulnerable taxa to ecological changes. The main objective of our study was to spatially compare bird species richness, abundance, and community structure along the Asar River, an urban riparian corridor in Duzce, Turkey. We identified 63 bird species, comprising 6722 individuals, and classified them into one of three groups: generalist species (11 species), woodland species (40 species), and waterbird species (12 species). Bird species richness was positively related to vegetative cover and negatively to urbanization. Richness was low in the winter and was higher during spring and summer. Riparian Quality Index (RQI) scores (mean = 54.8 +/- 33.7; max. = 97 and min. = 5) were relatively low for all sampling plots and was reduced by human activities (e.g., roads, farmland, settlement). The number of woodland bird species changed positively (r = 0.71) with RQI. The generalist bird species, adapted to urbanization, were more common around settlements and open areas. Human population and settlement around Asar River increased one-third and farmland and natural habitat decreased onefifth during the last decade. The area has high potential for growth and increased urbanization, thus increasing the pressure on the natural areas. Activities that diminish the amount of tree cover in the riparian corridor should be avoided. Habitat restoration and rehabilitation will increase RQI values, which can be used as indicators for bird richness in urban landscapes and benefit avian diversity along the riparian corridor. The existing riparian corridor and any enhancements to the corridor will help conserve Duzce's biodiversity in the future.Öğe Determination the natural plant compositions and species distribution model in different habitat types of Duzce (Turkiye)(Univ Federal Lavras-Ufla, 2025) Kaya, Sertac; Eroglu, Engin; Basaran, Nermin; Aytegin, Ahmet; Donmez, Abdullah HuseyinBackground: Turkiye is a very rich country in terms of the distribution and diversity of plants. Despite these current conditions, natural plant species are not sufficiently used in designing urban landscapes. The research aims to reveal an ecological model approach to urban planting by determining the ecological indicator values (EIV's) and coexistence in nature of the species detected in the natural vegetation, revealing the potential of plants to come together. Results: Within the scope of research, natural areas in Duzce Plain and at the points touching the plain were determined according to the CORINE land cover classification, and 5 different habitat types were determined as forest habitat, riparian areas, rocky habitat, wetlands and meadow habitat. In this study, 420 plant taxa belonging to 89 families which were taken from 33 points and 168 sample areas, were identified. Both natural plant species determined by collecting plant species from the area and plant species diversity will be revealed by determining the ecological demands of the plants. After determining whether the coexistence of plant species collected and identified in these habitat types is distributed in an interdependent manner, scenarios regarding the coexistence of plants were constructed with the help of the latent variables model (LVM's) by R software program. Conclusion: Some of the plant species with the highest percentage of presence according to the plant layers were selected, and plant compositions with high coexistence were proposed according to the LVM's.Öğe The effects of urbanization on species richness and floristic diversity in residential gardens(Springer, 2025) Dogan, Tuba Gul; Demirci, Sena; Eroglu, Engin; Corbaci, Omer Lutfu; Kaya, Sertac; Meral, AlperenUrbanization is recognized as a major driver reshaping plant diversity patterns globally; however, ecological responses to urbanization are highly site-specific and often diverge from generalized assumptions. This study investigates how urbanization influences plant species richness and Shannon diversity within residential gardens across an urban-to-rural gradient in Rize, Turkey-a rapidly urbanizing region along the Black Sea coast-thereby addressing a critical knowledge gap and challenging generalized assumptions commonly held in urban ecology. Field surveys across 150 residential gardens documented 603 plant taxa from 120 families, revealing critical patterns of biodiversity change under varying urbanization levels. Non-native species comprised 57% of the total taxa, highlighting their dominance in residential gardens across different urbanization intensities. Herbaceous species richness declined significantly in highly urbanized zones (F (2,27) = 10.35, p < 0.001), whereas non-native species richness exhibited a pronounced increase (+ 57%), particularly in areas with urbanization levels exceeding 55%. Woody species richness, however, remained relatively stable across urbanization gradients. Interestingly, moderately urbanized areas displayed the highest diversity indices (Shannon_H: 4.32), reflecting a transitional ecological dynamic consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. By contrast, areas with low urbanization (4.16) and high urbanization (4.26) exhibited reduced biodiversity, with native species showing the steepest declines in highly urbanized zones. Although urbanization is often associated with biodiversity loss, this paradigm warrants reevaluation in light of the observed increase in overall Shannon diversity driven by adaptable non-native species. Therefore, urban biodiversity management strategies should transcend generalized assumptions, addressing the complex interplay of native and non-native species dynamics across varying urbanization gradients.Öğe Evaluation of flood risk analyses with AHP, Kriging, and weighted sum models: example of capakcur, Yesilkoy, and Yamac microcatchments(Springer, 2021) Meral, Alperen; Eroglu, EnginThe present study aims to use the Bingol city center and agricultural plain as a base in future flood management plans and scenarios through flood modeling. In accordance with this purpose, the precipitation map of the catchment was prepared using the Kriging method by assigning values, with the Schreiber formula. Then, the slope, aspect, distance to the stream, land use, geology, soil, and precipitation maps were classified according to the analytical hierarchy process, and consistency indices and consistency ratios were calculated; thus, the factors affecting the flood were ranked as precipitation (CI 0.324), distance to the stream (CI 0.207), slope (CI 0.168), geology (CI 0.101), soil (CI 0.091), land use (CI 0.087), and aspect (CI 0.022). In the last step, consistency indices calculated by the AHP method were superposed on the weighted sum method, and then flood risk analysis was performed.Öğe Gray Water Conditions on the Growth of Some Natural Ground Cover Plants and the Water Quality of Plants(Aves, 2024) Kaya, Sertac; Kaya, Melek Yilmaz; Coban, Omer Faruk; Turan, Fatma; Ozgen, Nisa; Eroglu, EnginClimate change and high water consumption driven by population growth have led to water stress, affecting over 2 billion people worldwide yearly. In the face of scarce water resources, traditional sewage infrastructure, especially during extreme weather, can not handle the water load and leads to pollution in freshwater sources. Treatment of rainwater and graywater can be considered a potential water source to minimize freshwater consumption and enhance water sustainability, offering simple solutions in cities. Recently, the ability of plants to remove toxic metals from dirty waters through their roots have been utilized and then water reused. In this study, a small-scale domestic graywater treatment system was developed under greenhouse conditions as a nature-based solution. In the selection of plants, species naturally distributed in D & uuml;zce province, aquatic, riparian, and understory species were preferred. Plants in the system were supplied with graywater and stored. The plants' purification levels and growth status under polluted water stress were examined. According to the results the amount of anionic substances in stored water, Asplenium scolopendrium L. was observed to have the highest treatment performance among the species. Although Lythrum salicaria L. and Carex pendula Huds. had a lower value compared to other species, they were shown to be a usable species in graywater treatment. Nasturtium officinale R. BR. had a low treat-ment value and was found to be a pollution-resistant species. As a result, the reuse of water is essential in today's conditions where climate zones and species distributions are changing. As seen in this study; Although species from natural vegeta-tion have different purification potentials, they offer the opportunity to be used to purify gray water.Öğe Soil organic carbon exchange due to the change in land use(Springer, 2024) Basaran, Nermin; Cinal, Gamze Akdogan; Eroglu, EnginThis study analyses the decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks due to changes in land use following the earthquake in D & uuml;zce, Turkey, 1999. The primary objective of the study is to determine the changes in land use within D & uuml;zce and to provide a multi-dimensional approach to the spatial and quantitative distributions of SOC losses. Corine Land Use- Land Cover (LULC) within the study is used to determine the change in land use. The loss of LULC and carbon stocks were identified by means of LULC with transfer matrix method and GIS-based analysis. The study of land-use change caused by urbanisation and agricultural activity shows that the limited green spaces around the urban core created by degrading natural areas do not compensate for the loss of SOC. SOC stocks decline after the land use changes from agricultural regions to artificial areas (- 5%), Natural- Semi-natural (N-SN) regions to artificial areas (- 15%), N-SN areas to agricultural areas (- 20.9%) and agricultural areas to water bodies (- 9%), and SOC stocks increase after land use changes from artificial areas to N-SN areas (+ 29.6%), artificial areas to agricultural areas (+ 8%), agricultural areas to N-SN areas (+ 25%). However, in some agricultural areas, SOC stocks are similar to semi-natural and natural areas. For instance, in sparsely vegetated areas, SOC stocks from fruit and berry plantations may be poor. Although it is generally assumed that SOC loss can occur on land transformed from natural areas, this rule of thumb may be revised in some particular circumstances. Therefore, local ecological restoration decisions should not be based on land cover generalisations.Öğe Trabzon ve Yakın Çevresi Bazı Yayla Alanlarındaki Alpin Bitkiler ve Peyzaj Mimarlıgı Çalısmalarında Kullanım Potansiyelleri(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2009) Eroglu, Engin; Acar, CengizBitkiler ülkemizin en önemli dogal zenginlikleri olarak gösterilebilmektedir.Türkiye’de dogal olarak 9000’den fazla dogal takson bulundugu bilinmekte ancak budogal türlerin kullanım olanakları özellikle de peyzaj mimarlıgı açısından sınırlıkalmaktadır.Bitkiler peyzajın en önemli yapı taslarını olusturmaktadır. Tasarımlarınvazgeçilmez elemanı olan bitkiler, ekolojik, estetik ve fonksiyonel olarak tasarım veplanlamaları desteklemekte ve tasarımların belirgin bir sekilde ortaya çıkmasına katkısaglamaktadırlar. Peyzaj mimarları bitkileri bir tasarım elemanı olarak ele almakta, buelemanları rengi, dokusu, formu ve ölçüsü gibi bazı tasarım özellikleri ilekullanmaktadır. Alpin bitkiler, bodur ölçü yapısı, ekstrem ekolojik sartlara göstermisoldukları adaptasyon biçimleri, renklenmeleri, dokusal farklılıkları ile dikkatçekmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda Avrupa basta olmak üzere çogu yabancı ülkelerde“Alpin Garden” kavramı ile peyzaj tasarım ve planlamalarında sıklıkla yer bulmaktadır.Bu çalısmada, Trabzon’un bazı alpin alanlarında gerçeklestirilen arazi çalısmalarıile alpin bitki potansiyeli ortaya konulmus, alpinde tek basına ya da gruplar halindebulunan peyzaj degeri tasıyan bitki türlerinin kullanılabilme olanaklarını belirlemek vebununla ilgili degerlendirmeler yapmak üzere toplam 30 otsu ve odunsu türünkullanılabilme potansiyelleri ortaya konulmustur.
