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    Is Vitamin D Deficiency a Risk of Celiac Disease?
    (Düzce Üniversitesi, 2024) Yurt Türer, Büşra; Ekici, Emine Merve
    Recent studies have shown that vitamin D can perform many non-skeletal functions through modulation of innate and acquired immunity. Based on this, it has been suggested that vitamin D may play a fundamental role in the development, clinical course and treatment of autoimmune disorders such as celiac disease.Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory disease of the small intestine characterized by intolerance to dietary gluten with autoimmune features. Its prevalence has reached almost 1% of the world’s population and is one of the most common autoimmune disorders. The main environmental factor in the pathogenesis of CD is gluten and a gluten-free diet continues to be the mainstay of celiac treatment. However, it has been reported that a gluten-free diet is not sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiencies in children and adults with CD. Studies have shown that 25(OH)D vitamin levels are lower in celiac patients compared to the control group, and although they increase after gluten-free diet treatment, they do not reach sufficient levels. Decreased bone mineral density and mass, and increased bone fragility are seen as important causes of some clinical symptoms of celiac disease. Vitamin D has a potential effect on the onset and course of CD through various mechanisms on the gastrointestinal system and immune system. Although there is evidence that vitamin D supplementation during gluten-free diet treatment prevents further bone loss, improves symptoms associated with osteomalacia, and normalizes calcium levels, data on the efficacy of vitamin D in the literature are conflicting. However, most experts recommend systematic monitoring of serum D vitamin levels in all individuals with celiac disease, regardless of initial levels or age during the gluten-free diet, and correction of documented D vitamin deficiency.