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    (Rector Ciu Cyprus Int Univ, 2023) Gozen, Hacer; Edman, Timucin Bugra; Guven, Edman-Samet
    [No abstract available]
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    God, Man, and Nature: Life for Reason and the Reason Behind the Universe - A Panentheistic Approach to Life of Pi
    (De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2021) Edman, Timucin Bugra; Gozen, Hacer
    This article intends to lay out a comparative study of Karma philosophy and literature scrutinizing Yann Martel's novel Life of Pi through a panentheistic approach. Because Karma is one of the predominant philosophies in the novel and permeates the general atmosphere, this article intends to scrutinize Yann Martel's novel Life of Pi through a panentheistic approach. Although karma is a very complex issue, since anyone committing evil acts can claim to be a mere agent of karma delivering punishment to others for sins they committed in their past lives, it is true that according to karma, our actions have consequences which affect the entirety of our lives, and this can also be seen as free will. Yet while this approach tends to focus on the action and reaction mechanisms of life, the flow of life in the universe should still be carefully contemplated, since if we believe the first story, Pi's survival not only depends on his choices, but also on the opportunities that the universe offers him. In that sense, if we are to accept God as the soul of the universe, then the universal spirit must be omnipresent and omnipotent while also capable of transforming into anything in terms of s panentheistic approach. Thus God, being greater than the universe, is the ultimate force that balances everything, and is also the biggest karma controller. For this reason, this article analyzes Life of Pi from both inductive and deductive slants to demonstrate that all roads lead to God, the omniscient.
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    The Modern Tragic Animal in the Zoo: A Zoocritical Reading of The Hairy Ape
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Karagoz, Cengiz; Edman, Timucin Bugra
    In The Hairy Ape, Eugene O'Neill depicts the shortcomings of an industrialized society: class distinctions are made stark as we witness the upper class occupying a financially superior and luxurious position above the exploited proletariat. Deviating from previous anthropocentric readings of O'Neill's text that fail to notice the play's non-human concerns, this article posits a zoocritical analysis that is interested in the play's use of the zoo animal as a metaphor that informs our understanding of the proletariat as their freedoms are restricted and are violently exploited. The explicit references that liken the working class to wild animals and apes in zoos are suggestive of the common points at which the struggles of animals and the working class intersect. Like animals tasked only to please humans and whose life is restricted to zoos, the workers, serving the interests of the upper class, spend their days mostly shovelling coal into the engine of a transatlantic liner and feel a sense of isolation as they rarely make contact with others outside the ship. Yank, the protagonist, when imprisoned, falls into a fit of fury that reminds us of how zoos are like prisons and vice versa. O'Neill implicitly suggests kinship to animals that have been oppressed and tortured for the sake of human interests.
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    SPECULATIONS ON PANENTHEISM IN LITERATURE, SINLESS SINNERS AND DEMONIC GOOD ANGELS IN MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN AND LORD OF THE FLIES
    (Bartın Üniversitesi, 2021) Gözen, Hacer; Edman, Timucin Bugra; Karamalak, Olga; Arısoy, Sercan; Barutlu, Umut
    This study applies an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to the selected works through panentheistic philosophy to visualize the abstract expressions and perception of theology and philosophy on panentheism using concrete and representational expressions of the selected novels. In the dystopian work Lord of the Flies by William Golding, this study benefits the limitless opportunities fiction offers to unveil the problem of evil and goes beyond the boundaries of the teachings, experiences and social norms the human world. The dystopian fiction Lord of the Flies, which portrays the inner and subconscious conflict between good and evil within individuals, is scrutinized from a panentheistic perspective to question the existence of evil. Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie, as a genre of magic realism and historiographic metafiction, will enlighten the study to reveal the conflicts between destruction and creation to clarify the problem of evil which is ambiguous from a panenthestic view.