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    In vivo evaluation of teicoplanin- and calcium sulfate-loaded PMMA bone cement in preventing implant-related osteomyelitis in rats
    (Esift Srl, 2006) Tüzüner, Tolga; Şencan, İrfan; Özdemir, Davut; Alper, Murat; Duman, S.; Yavuz, Tevfik; Yıldırım, Mustafa
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of teicoplanin- and calcium sulphate-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cements in preventing experimental implant-related osteomyelitis in rats. Four groups of antibiotic-loaded rods were prepared and were implanted into the lateral condylus of the rat femur after inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus. The effectiveness of these were assessed microbiologically, radiographically, and histopathologically. Radiographic evaluation revealed a significant reduction of periostal reaction and osteolysis in rats that received calcium sulphate- and teicoplanin-loaded rods. Histopathological evaluation confirmed these results. Acute infection and bone necrosis were found to be significantly lower in rats that had received calcium sulphate- and teicoplanin-loaded rods. The addition of calcium sulfate to teicoplanin-loaded PMMA bone cement appeared satisfactory as an antibiotic-carrying system for prophylaxis of experimental implant-related osteomyelitis, but further investigations are needed to reach definitive statements for clinical applications.
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    Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using Artificial Ecosystem-Based Optimization
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Guvenc, U.; Bakir, H.; Duman, S.
    Optimal directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) coordination aims to find the optimal relay settings in order to protect the system, where, the primary relays are operated in the first to clear the faults, then the corresponding backup relays should be operated in case of failing the primary relays. DOCRs coordination problem is a non-convex and high dimensional optimization problem and it should be solved subject to operating constraints. The objective function for optimal coordination of DOCRs aims to minimize total operation time for all primary relays without violation in constraints to maintain reliability and security of the electric power system. This paper proposes the artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO) algorithm is for the solution of the DOCRs coordination problem. Simulation studies were carried out in IEEE 3-bus and IEEE 4-bus test systems to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results are compared with differential evolution algorithm (DE), opposition based chaotic differential evolution algorithm (OCDE1and OCDE2), and three real coded genetic algorithms (RCGAs) namely: Laplace crossover power mutation (LX-PM), Laplace crossover polynomial mutation (LX-POL), bounded exponential crossover power mutation (BEX-PM). The results clearly showed that the proposed algorithm is a powerful and effective method to solve the DOCRs coordination problem. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Optimal Power Flow Using Manta Ray Foraging Optimization
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Guvenc, U.; Bakir, H.; Duman, S.; Ozkaya, B.
    The optimal power flow (OPF) stands for the problem of specifying the best-operating levels for electric power plants in order to meet demands given throughout a transmission network, usually with the objective of minimizing operating cost. Recently, the OPF has become one of the most important problems for the economic operation of modern electrical power plants. The OPF problem is a non-convex, high-dimensional optimization problem, and powerful metaheuristic optimization algorithms are needed to solve it. In this paper, manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) was used to solve the OPF problem which takes into account the prohibited operating zones (POZs). The performance of the MRFO was tested on IEEE 30-bus test system. The results obtained from the simulations were compared with well-known optimization algorithms in the literature. The comparative results showed that the MRFO method ensures high-quality solutions for the OPF problem. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.