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    Investigation of Neutrophil Volume, Conductivity, and Light-Scattering Parameters for Early Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections
    (2022) Aytar, Asiye Altınöz; Doğan, Özlem; Çalışkan, Emel
    Aim: Early diagnosis of bacterial infections is crucial in planning treatment. Thus, it is important to determine the gram staining property of bacteria as well as the presence of bacterial infection. The acute bacterial infection leads to morphological changes in neutrophils. In this study, we investigated the use of neutrophil volume, conductivity and light-scattering (VCS) parameters as potential indicators for rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections, and to distinguish infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Material and Methods: Patients with urinary tract infections, pneumonia, wound site infections and sepsis were included. The control group comprised patients without bacterial infections. The blood samples of the patients were examined for white blood cell and neutrophil counts; neutrophil VCS parameters were determined using a Coulter Analyzer. The VITEK 2 Compact System was used to detect microbial growth. Results: The blood sample data of 472 patients sent to our laboratory for Complete Blood Count analyses from various clinics were analyzed in this study. A total of 370 samples showed significant growth in their bacteriological culturing, whereas the remaining 102 samples showed no growth. For the detection of bacterial growth, the specificities of median neutrophil volume (MNV) and median neutrophil conductivity (MNC) were found to be 96% and 99%, respectively. In addition, median neutrophil light scattering (MNS) was higher in the gram-negative bacterial group than in the gram-positive bacterial group. Conclusion: The use of neutrophil VCS parameters is an effective and time-saving method to identify bacterial infections and distinguish between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections.
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    Total Calcium Levels in Patients with Hypocalcemia Compared to Ionized Calcium and Adjusted Calcium
    (Düzce Üniversitesi, 2019) Doğan, Özlem
    Aim:Hypocalcemia is one of the most frequently encountered electrolyte disorders inhospitalized patients. Although laboratories generally measure serum totalcalcium, the active form of calcium is ionized calcium (iCa). It is necessaryto make adjustments considering total calcium values and changes in plasmaalbumin concentration, based on accurate ionized calcium values. Weinvestigated the relation between hypocalcemia as routinely determined by totalcalcium measurement, and the gold standard method, ionized calcium measurement,adjusted calcium, and ionized calcium formulas.Material and Methods: 422 patients (Female 43%, Male 57%) with totalcalcium values lower than 8 mg/dL, and simultaneous ionized calcium, totalprotein, and albumin results recorded in the automation system of CebeciHospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University were evaluated. AdjustedCalcium = Total Calcium + [0.8 × (4.0 – Albumin)] and Ionized Calcium (Zeisler Method) = [(6 ×Total Calcium) – (Total Protein × 3)] / (Total Protein + 6) formulas were used. Results: There was nocorrelation between total calcium, ionized calcium, and calculated ionizedcalcium results. Correlation coefficient r=0.71 and 95% confidence intervalbetween total calcium and adjusted calcium levels was calculated as 0.6619-0.7545(p lt;0.001). Ionized calcium levels in 341 patients (81%) were below 1 mmol/L.Total calcium, ionized calcium, adjusted calcium, and calculated ionizedcalcium results of only 120 (28.4%) patients suggested hypocalcemia.