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Öğe Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Some Biochemical Changes in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) Yolk-Sac Larvae(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2016) Zengin, Hayati; Yılmaz, Ökkeş; Gökçe, Zehra; Demir, ErsinIn this work we studied the biochemical status of antioxidant defences of yolk-sac larvae from the commercial fish, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) over a period of 19 days from hatching. The parameters studied were: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione Stransferase (GST). Oxidative damage was measured by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Our results showed that the presence of catalytic activities was observed from hatching day and significant changes in the enzymes were seen in the 12 and 19 days yolk-sac larvae, when the larvae finished their endogenous feeding. Our study indicates that catalase activity sharply increased in the 12 and 19 days post-hatch but superoxide dismutase activity sharply decreased in the same period. Glutathione peroxidase regularly decreased with age throughout the 19-day study period. Glutathione reductase showed a significant increase in the 12 and 19 days yolk-sac larvae. There were no significant changes in glutathione S-transferase activity throughout the yolk-sac stage. When the egg yolk-sac was reabsorbed, the total protein content sharply decreased at day 19. The PUFA contents in the 12 and 19 days yolk-sac larvae were found to be higher than in the other yolk-sac stage.Öğe The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Pine Kindling on the Liver and Kidney Tissues of Diabetic Rats(2020) Yılmaz, Ökkeş; Demir, Ersin; Sarıgül, HaliseIn this study, the effect of aqueous extract of kindling wood obtained from pine trees on liver and kidney tissues of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was investigated. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: 1) Control,2) STZ rats 3) STZ rats treated with aqueous extract obtained from kindling wood of pine trees (respectively 100 g/L, 200g/L and 400 g/L) for 10 weeks. According to our results, it was determined that this extract showed beneficial effects onoxidative stress (Malondialdehyde (MDA), Reduced glutathione (GSH), Oxidized glutathione (GSSG)) in liver and kidney tissues. Pine kindling extract showed generally positive effects on glycogen, cholesterol, alpha tocopherol, retinol, palmitic acid,stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid parameters in the liver and kidney tissuesof diabetic rats. Pine kindling extract did not showed inhibitory effect on the amylase enzyme activity derived from bovine,porcine pancreas, fungi and bacteria during in vitro experiments. Pine kindling extract also did not exhibit inhibitor effecton ?-glycosidase enzyme that hydrolyzes disaccharidesÖğe The Effect of Bitter Almond Oil on The Some Alterations in Liver Tissue of Experimental Diabetic Rats(2015) Demir, Ersin; Yılmaz, ÖkkeşDeneysel Diyabetin Sıçan Karaciğer Dokusunda Oluşturduğu Bazı Değişiklikler Üzerine Acı Badem Yağının EtkisiBu çalışma, deneysel diyabet oluşturulan sıçanlarda acı badem yağının karaciğer dokusunda yağ asidi bileşimi, malondialdehit, indirgenmiş glutatyon, total protein, A, D, E ve K vitaminleri, kolesterol ve bazı sterol parametreleri üzerinde etkisinin araştırılması için tasarlandı. Sıçanlar kontrol (K), streptozotosin (STZ) ve streptozotosinacı badem yağı (STZABY) olmak üzere üç grubu ayrıldı. STZ gruplarına intraperitoneal enjeksiyonla streptozotosin (45 mg/kg) verilerek diyabet oluşturuldu. Acı badem yağı grubundaki sıçanlara haftada iki gün 1ml/kg dozunda intraperitoneal enjeksiyonla acı badem yağı ve ayrıca deney boyunca toz haline getirilmiş 2 gr acı badem çekirdeği, 500 ml içme suyuna eklenerek verildi. Bu uygulamalar 8 hafta boyunca sürdü. Kontrol grubuna göre, STZ grubunun karaciğer dokusunda MDA ve total protein düzeyinin anlamlı bir şekilde (p0.001) arttığı, GSH düzeyinin anlamlı bir şekilde (p0.001) azaldığı, palmitik, palmitoleik, araşidonik asit (p0.01) düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı (p0.001), stearik ve linoleik asit düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı (p0.001), oleik ve ?-linolenik ve dokosaheksaenoik asit düzeylerinde istatistiksel açıdan önemli değişikliklerin olmadığı, ?-tokoferol ve vitamin D2 düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı (p0.001), vitamin K2, vitamin D3 (p0.05), ?-tokoferol, retinol, vitamin K1, kolesterol, stigmasterol ve ?-sitosterol düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı (p0.001) tespit edildi. STZ grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, STZABY grubunun karaciğer dokusunda MDA, GSH ve total protein düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde (p0.001) azaldığı, palmitoleik, linoleik, araşidonik (p0.05) ve ?-linolenik asit düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı (p0.001), stearik, oleik ve dokosaheksaenoik asit düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı (p0.001), palmitik asit düzeyinde istatistiksel açıdan önemli değişikliklerin olmadığı, vitamin K2, ?-tokoferol, vitamin D2, ?-tokoferol, vitamin K1 (p0.01), ?-sitosterol düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı (p0.001), vitamin D3düzeyinin anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı (p0.001), retinol, kolesterol ve stigmasterol düzeylerinde istatistiksel açıdan önemli değişikliklerin olmadığı belirlendi. Deneysel diyabetin sıçanların karaciğer dokusunda GSH, total protein, bazı yağ asidi bileşimi ile A, D, E ve K vitaminleri üzerinde oluşturduğu metabolik düzensizliklere karşı uygulanan acı badem yağının etkisinin sınırlı kaldığı belirlendi.Öğe Effect of Resveratrol and Curcumin on Changes in Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stress in Liver and Kidney Tissues of Rats Exposed to 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2024) Siltar, Yesim Bulut; Demir, Ersin; Erisir, Figen Erdem; Erdogdu, Ayse; Temizer, Ibrahim Akin; Yilmaz, OkkesThis study was conducted for the main purpose of evaluating the effect of resveratrol and curcumin on changes in fatty acid composition in liver and kidney tissues of rats exposed to DMBA. Resveratrol groups: 40 mg/kg resveratrol was administered for only 3 days per week throughout the experiment. Curcumin groups: 40 mg/kg curcumin was administered for only 3 days per week throughout the experiment. DMBA groups: A single dose of 20 mg/kg DMBA was administered once throughout the duration of the experiment. Fatty acid composition, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phytosterol analyses analyses were performed in tissues. Antioxidant tests were also performed. It was found that the amounts of C16:0, C17:0, C17:1 and C22:5 n3 decreased significantly in the liver tissue of rats administered DMBA, but the amounts of C20:3 n6 ve C22:6 n3 increased significantly. It was found that C16:0 and C18:2 n6c levels increased significantly in kidney tissue, but C17:1 level decreased significantly. As a result of the administration of Curcumin, Resveratrol, DMBA + Curcumin and DMBA + Resveratrol in both liver and kidney tissue, it was determined that some fatty acid values decreased significantly and some fatty acid values increased significantly. Compared to the DMBA group, it was determined that all groups studied had significant changes in the amount of some fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, sitosterols in tissues. In conclusion the administration of DMBA, resveratrol and curcumin both single and in combination, it was found that there may be significant changes in the fatty acid composition, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phytosterols in tissue.Öğe THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION, PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF WILD EDIBLE Smilax excelsa L. SHOOTS(Univ Life Sciences Lublin, 2023) Demir, ErsinThe present study examines the fatty acid composition, phytochemicals content and antioxidant potential of Smilax excelsa L. shoots, which grows spontaneously and is consumed as food in rural areas of Duzce (Tur-kiye) province, was investigated. DPPH, ABTS and OH radical scavenging tests were utilized to put forth the antiradical properties of the extracts of this plant. In addition, the metal chelating potential of this plant was also evaluated. The higher the inhibition % value calculated in these tests, the higher the antioxidant activity was considered and the results were evaluated. The average ABTS radical cleaning test results of Smilax excelsa extracts prepared in different concentrations of methanol, ethanol and pure water were found to be 98.14%, 98.16%, 90.20%, respectively. The average DPPH radical cleaning test results of the extracts of this plant prepared in different concentrations of methanol, ethanol and pure water were determined as 87.48%, 76%, 46.53%, respectively. The OH radical cleaning test results of methanol, ethanol and pure water extracts of the Smilax excelsa were determined as 54.79%, 72.54%, none, respectively. In addition, the metal chelation test results of methanol, ethanol and pure water extracts of this plant were determined as 87.26%, 89.36%, 53.70%. The highest protein (85.91 mg BSA/g), proanthocyanidin (55.39 mg CE/g) and phenolic (4957.57 mu g GAE/g) content of Smilax excelsa pure water extract was determined. It has been determined that gallic acid (117.33 mu g/g), vanillic acid (33.89 mu g/g), caffeic acid (4.55 mu g/g), ferulic acid (93.78 mu g/g), rosmarinic acid (0.33 mu g/g) and hydrocynamic acid (0.33 mu g/g) are found in different proportions in the Smilax excelsa. It has been stated that Smilax excelsa is an important source of palmitic acid (20.52%), stea-ric acid (4.95%), oleic acid (4.74%), linoleic acid (20.99%), gamma-linolenic acid (2.26%), alpha-linolenic acid (34.29%) and docosahexaenoic acid (2.79%). It has been found that this plant has a low content of fat-soluble vitamins and phytosterols, with the exception of beta-sitosterol (6.43 mu g/g).Öğe Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792)’in Keseli Larvalarında Antioksidan Enzim Aktiviteleri ve Bazı Biyokimyasal Değişimler(2016) Zengin, Hayati; Yılmaz, Ökkeş; Gökçe, Zehra; Demir, ErsinBu çalışmada ticari olarak yetiştirilen gökkuşağı alabalığı Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792)'in keseli yavrularında, yumurtadan çıktıktan sonraki 19 gün boyunca antioksidan savunma ve biyokimyasal durum çalışıldı. Çalışılan parametreler: süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSHpx), glutatyon redüktaz (GR) ve glutatyon-s-transferaz (GST)'dır. Oksidatif hasar malondialdehit (MDA) oluşumu ile ölçüldü. Sonuçlarımız yumurtaların açıldığı günden itibaren katalitik aktivitenin mevcut olduğunu ve larvalar endojen besini kullanırken, 12 ve 19 günlük keseli larvalarda bulunan enzimlerde önemli değişimlerin olduğunu gösterdi. Çalışmamız yumurtaların açılmasından sonraki 12. ve 19. günlerde katalaz aktivitesinde hızlı bir artma, aynı periyotta süperoksit dismutaz aktivitesinde ise hızlı bir azalma gösterdi. Glutatyon peroksidaz 19 günlük çalışma süresi boyunca düzenli bir şekilde azaldı. Glutatyon redüktaz 12 ve 19 günlük keseli larvalarda önemli bir artış gösterdi. Keseli safha boyunca glutatyon-s-transferaz aktivitesinde önemli bir değişim olmadı. 19. günde yumurta kesesinin emilimiyle total protein içeriği hızla düştü. 12 ve 19 günlük keseli larvalardaki PUFA içeriği, diğer keseli safhalardan yüksek bulunduÖğe Phytochemical compounds and antiradical, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of the extracts from Hypericum scabrum L. Flowers(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Keser, Serhat; Keser, Fatma; Kaygili, Omer; Tekin, Suat; Demir, Ersin; Turkoglu, Ismail; Kirbag, SevdaHypericum scabrum L. has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases just as the other Hypericum species. In the present study, the antiradical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of water and ethanol extracts of H. scabrum flowers were investigated. Their phytochemical contents and composition were also determined. The water and ethanol extracts are better scavenged ABTS (97.89 and 98.99%) and OH radicals (96.36 and 97.33%); the water extract is better scavenged DPPH radicals (91.66%) than the standard antioxidant BHA (94.33, 85.19, 90.16%, respectively). Flowers of H. scabrum contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins and phytosterols, dominated by catechin, vanillic acid, vitamin K and ergosterol. The extracts exhibit a strong cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, HCT-116, and LNCaP cancer cell lines. It is found that their antimicrobial activities are higher than the standard antibiotics. These results indicate that H. scabrum flowers have potent antiradical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.Öğe Pristine C-60 Fullerene Nanoparticles Ameliorate Hyperglycemia-Induced Disturbances via Modulation of Apoptosis and Autophagy Flux(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2020) Demir, Ersin; Nedzvetsky, Viktor S.; Agca, Can Ali; Kirici, MahinurDiabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with multiple complications including neuropathy, memory loss and cognitive decline. Despite a long history of studies on diabetic complications, there are no effective therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection in diabetes. Hyperglycemia-induced imbalance in programmed cell death could initiate a decline in neural tissue cells viability. Various nanomaterials can induce either cell death or cell survival dependent on the type and surface features. Pristine C(60)fullerene is a nontoxic nanomaterial, which exhibits antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. However, the precise molecular mechanism with which the C(60)nanoparticle exerts cytoprotective effect in diabetic subjects has not yet been fully addressed. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether C(60)fullerene prevents oxidative stress impairment and to explore the effects of C(60)fullerene on apoptosis and autophagy in diabetes mellitus to clarify its potential mechanisms. These effects have been examined for olive oil extracted C(60)fullerene on the hippocampus of STZ diabetic rats. Up-regulation of Caspase-3, Beclin-1 and oxidative stress indexes and down-regulation of Bcl-2 were observed in the brain of STZ-diabetic rats. The exposure to C(60)fullerene for a period of 12 weeks ameliorate redox imbalance, hyperglycemia-induced disturbances in apoptosis and autophagy flux via modulation of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Beclin-1 and LC3I/II contents. Furthermore, C(60)fullerene ameliorated the LC3I/II ratio and prevented extremely increased autophagy flux. Contrarily, pristine C(60)fullerene had no modulatory effect on all studied apoptotic and autophagy markers in non-diabetic groups. Therefore, oil extracted C(60)fullerene exhibits cytoprotective effect in hyperglycemia-stressed hippocampal cells. The presented results confirm that pristine C(60)fullerene nanoparticles can protect hippocampal cells against hyperglycemic stress via anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic effects and amelioration of autophagy flux. Moreover, C(60)fullerene regulates a balance of autophagy via BCL-2/Beclin-1 reciprocal expression that could prevent functional disturbances in hippocampus.Öğe Protective effect of pristine C60 fullerene nanoparticle in combination with curcumin against hyperglycemia-induced kidney damage in diabetes caused by streptozotocin(Wiley, 2020) Demir, Ersin; Aslan, AbdullahThe present study aims to examine the protective effects of C60 fullerene (C60), Curcumin (CUR;Curcuma longa), C60 + CUR combination against oxidative stress, apoptosis, and changes in cellular level in kidney tissue of diabetic rats. Treatment practices were administered separately to groups for 8 weeks following the approval of diabetes induction. It was observed that the treatment groups had increased antioxidant potential, decreased oxidative stress levels, decreased cholesterol, alpha tocopherol, retinol levels along with improved important changes in fatty acid metabolism compared with the diabetic group. C60, CUR, and C60 + CUR were also determined to act in the direction of reducing kidney damage by activating apoptotic pathways. It can be concluded based on these findings that C60, CUR, and especially C60 + CUR combination has beneficial properties in maintaining kidney tissue and function by effectively preventing oxidative stress, apoptotic changes, and changes at the cellular level in kidney tissue under hyperglycemia conditions. Practical applications C60 and CUR have various biological activities which can be indicated as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective. It has been reported that C60 and CUR protect the cells against oxidative injury brought about by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Data acquired from the present study puts forth that C60 and C60 + CUR may be promising agents to prevent damage induced by hyperglycemic conditions in kidney tissue.Öğe Rumex acetosella L. (Kuzukulağı)'nın In vitro Antiradikal, Antimikrobiyal, Antikanser ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri(2022) Tekin, Suat; Sandal, Süleyman; Demir, Ersin; Kırbağ, Sevda; Turkoglu, Ismail; Karatepe, Mustafa; Keser, SerhatPolygonaceae familyasında yer alan R. acetosella, çok yıllık otsu bir bitkidir ve Türkiye’de halk arasında sebze olarak tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışmada R. acetosella toprak üst kısımlarının etanol, su ve metanol ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal (Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus bakterileri ve Candida albicansmaya-mantarına karşı), antiradikal (DPPH, ABTS ve OH radikallerine karşı), antikanser (insan prostat kanseri (PC-3), insan kolon kanseri (HCT-116), insan yumurtalık kanseri (A2780) ve insan göğüs kanseri (MCF 7) hücre serilerine karşı) ve fitokimyasal özellikleri (yağda çözünen vitaminler, yağ asitleri, flavonoitler,fitosteroller, fenolik asitler, toplam fenolik bileşik, toplam flavonoit ve toplam proantosiyanidinler) incelenmiştir. Sonuçlarımıza göre R. acetosella ekstraktlarının ABTS, DPPH ve OH radikali yok etme testlerinde BHT’den daha yüksek aktiviteye sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu bitkinin yüksek antimikrobiyal aktiviteye ve fitokimyasal içeriğe sahip olduğu, PC-3 insan prostat kanseri hücrelerine karşı etkili antikanser aktivite gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Aynı zamanda sunulan çalışma, R. acetosella ekstraktlarının in vitro antikanser aktivitesi ile ilgili ilk çalışma olma özelliği taşımaktadır.Öğe Some Positive Effects of Pine Oil on Brain Tissue in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats(Chem Soc Pakistan, 2016) Demir, Ersin; Keser, Serhat; Yılmaz, ÖkkeşPine oil has antiseptic, expectorant and antioxidant properties and has been used for treatment of rheumatism, respiratory and urinary system and skin diseases. We aimed to determine protective effects of pine oil (PO) on the lipid-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, GSH, total protein, MDA, fatty acid levels of brain tissue of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C), streptozotocin (STZ), streptozotocin+pine oil (PO) groups. Streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally single dose (65 mg/kg) to the STZ and PO groups for inducing of diabetes. To the PO group 1 mg/kg dose pine oil was intraperitoneally injected every next day. While the GSH and total protein were significantly decreased in the Streptozotocin (STZ) group, their levels were protected in PO group. MDA level was significantly increased in STZ group, its level significantly decreased in the PO group. Our results showed that PO has a positive effect on the GSH, total protein, and MDA levels in the brain tissue of diabetic rats. The PO and STZ administrations were affected by levels of some important fatty acids. The decrease in the MDA level and observed protecting effects can be attributed to PO extract, because it contains some important phytochemical constituents.Öğe Strength and Durability Performance of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Lime and Marble Powder(2021) Yılmaz, Fatih; Demir, ErsinThis paper investigated the effect of freezing-thawing and wetting-drying cycles on the strength and durability of clay soil stabilized with lime and marble powder. The test samples were prepared by adding 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of marble powder, without and with 6% lime to the soil which is a high plasticity clay (CH) according to the Unified Soil Classification System. Unconfined compressive strength tests were performed after 7 and 28 days of curing periods. The durability behavior of the samples was examined by applying freezing-thawing and wettingdrying cycles to the prepared samples. The results of this study show that the presence of marble powder in the soil mixture has an important role in the improvement of strength. An increase in the number of wetting-drying cycles does not decrease the volumetric stability of the samples stabilized with marble powder. The use of lime and marble powder together increased the strength values compared to the natural soil and the use of lime only. It was concluded that the co-use of lime and marble powder had a positive effect on the strength and durability behavior of high plasticity clayey soil.Öğe Sulu Çam Çıra Ekstresinin Diyabet Oluşturulan Sıçanların Testis Dokusu Üzerindeki Etkisi(2018) Yılmaz, Ökkeş; Demir, Ersin; Sarıgül, HaliseBu çalışmanın temel amacı Tip 2 diyabetle indüklenen testis hasarındaoksidatif stresin baskılanmasında sulu çam çıra ekstresinin olası etkileriniaraştırmaktır. Çalışmada 49 adet 2,5 aylık erkek sıçanlar tercih edildi. Sıçanlar;kontrol, diyabet ve farklı dozlardan oluşan diyabetçam çırası olmak üzeregruplara ayrıldı (DÇ100, DÇ200, DÇ400). Kontrol grubu dışındaki sıçanlara 45mg/kg streptozotozin (STZ) intraperitonal olarak verilerek Tip-2 diyabetoluşturuldu. Diyabet oluşumundan sonra sıçanların içme sularına farklı dozlarda(100 g/L, 200 g/L, 400 g/L) çam çıra ekstresi eklenerek suya serbest olarakerişimleri sağlandı. Deneysel uygulamalar 10 hafta sürdü. Kontrol grubu ilekarşılaştırıldığında, diyabet grubunda MDA seviyesinin kayda değer düzeydearttığı (p0.001), total protein düzeyinin ise önemli düzeyde azaldığı (p0.05)belirlendi. Diyabet grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında çıra suyu verilen gruplarda MDAdüzeyinin önemli düzeyde azaldığı (p0.001), protein seviyesinin ise önemlidüzeyde yükseldiği (DÇ100) (p0.05) belirlendi. İncelenen diğer parametrelerde(?-tokoferol, palmitik, oleik, linoleik asit ve doza bağlı diğer parametreler) iseistatistiksel açıdan anlamlı değişiklikler tespit edildi (p0.05, p0.01, p0.001).Sonuç olarak, sulu çam çıra ekstresinin oksidatif stres seviyesini azaltaraktestiküler hasarı azaltmada potansiyel olarak yararlı olduğu gözlenmiştirÖğe Therapeutic effect of curcumin and C60 fullerene against hyperglycemia-mediated tissue damage in diabetic rat lungs(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2021) Demir, ErsinIncreasing evidence suggests that diabetes also targets lung tissues resulting in structural and physiological abnormalities. The present study evaluated the impact of pristine C60 fullerene (C60) against diabetes-induced lung damage for the first time. The objective was to evaluate the impacts of Curcumin (Cur), C60 and C60 fullerene+Curcumin (C60 + Cur) combination on oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, CAT, GST, Retinol, alpha-tocopherol), apoptosis (Caspase-3, Bcl-2), cholesterol and fatty acid profile (16:0,18:0,18:1,18:2, 22:4, 22:6) against changes in the lung tissue of diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used for inducing diabetes with Cur, C60 and C60 + Cur combination administered for eight weeks to treat diabetic and control rats. Increased oxidative stress, apoptosis and significant changes in cell structure were observed in the lung tissues of diabetic rats. The combination of Cur, C60 and C60 + Cur reduced oxidative stress in the lung tissue of diabetic rats while increasing the antioxidant defense capacity of the tissue, exhibiting tissue protective properties against apoptosis. The diabetic rats displayed favorable properties against lipotoxicity-induced tissue damage due to the increase in the fatty acid and cholesterol levels in lung tissue. It was observed that Cur, C60 and C60 + Cur combination displays protective effects against hyperglycemia induced oxidative damage to lung tissue. Oxidative stress, prevention of lipid and cholesterol accumulation, and weakening of lung apoptosis may be associated with these effects.
