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    The application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment (EMDR) on adults with foreign language anxiety
    (De Gruyter Mouton, 2021) Toprak-Yildiz, Tugba Elif; Colak, Tugba Seda; Koc, Mustafa; Dusunceli, Betul
    The present study aimed to apply Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to foreign language (FL) anxiety, a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that has been found to exert profound effects on many aspects of FL learning and performance. EMDR originally emerged as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a great number of studies demonstrated empirically its potential for treating and coping with various psychological disorders. The present study used the Single-Case Design (SCD). EMDR was given to two volunteer adult EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners experiencing severe FL anxiety. The effect of the treatment on FL anxiety was tracked and measured by using two separate scales of FL anxiety and obtaining self-reports of distress from the subjects. The long-term effects of EMDR were checked through two separate follow-up assessments. The results clearly demonstrated that EMDR was effective in reducing FL anxiety and increasing subjects' positive cognition.
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    Examining the relationship between gratitude and rumination: The mediating role of forgiveness
    (Springer, 2021) Colak, Tugba Seda; Gungor, Abdi
    Rumination can cause to negative mood by blocking a person occupying entertaining actions. Therefore, rumination can be a potential threat to the quality of life and mental health. However, forgiveness and gratitude are defined as positive personality characteristics and can serve to combat rumination. Thus, this study with 417 undergraduate students aimed to examine the effects of gratitude and forgiveness on rumination. This study also investigated the mediating role of forgiveness on the association between gratitude and rumination. In addition, the purpose of this study included exploring the mediating roles of forgiveness of self and situation on the relationship between forgiveness of others and rumination. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of gratitude and forgiveness on rumination. In addition, bootstrapping methods were employed to test the mediational effects. Results showed that forgiveness fully mediated the relationship between gratitude and rumination. Specifically, participants with higher levels of gratitude reported higher levels of forgiveness, which in turn lower levels of rumination. In addition, it was found that forgiveness of others and forgiveness of self fully mediated the association between forgiveness of others and rumination. The results along with implications were discussed.