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Öğe Accumulation analysis and overall measurement to represent airborne toxic metals with passive tree bark biomonitoring technique in urban areas(Springer, 2024) Isinkaralar, Kaan; Isinkaralar, Oznur; Koc, Ismail; Cobanoglu, Hatice; Canturk, UgurAuthorities have long proved the utility of bioindicators in monitoring the state of environmental pollution. Some biological indicators can measure environmental pollutant levels, and many tree species have been tested for suitability for monitoring purposes. The differences in morphological characteristics in the trees have demonstrated the effects of human activities on different materials. Measuring bark and wood biomass from contaminated sites was identified and directly compared with those from a clean site or areas characterized by distinct contamination sources. However, preliminary results demonstrate the approach's potential in the realization of strategies for disease control and promoting health to reduce environmental and health inequalities in at-risk urban areas. Picea orientalis L. and Cedrus atlantica Endl., especially their bark, can be regarded as a more robust storage of Cu (37.95 mg/kg) and Mn (188.25 mg/kg) than Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which and is therefore a better bioindicator for Cu and Mn pollution. Considering the total concentrations as a result of the study, the pollution is thought to be caused by environmental problems and traffic in the region. The deposition of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn elements was found P. menziesii (60, 443, 58, and 258 mg/kg) and P. orientalis (76, 1684, 41, and 378 mg/kg) and seems to reflect atmospheric quite clearly compared to P. pinaster, C. arizonica, and C. atlantica. Ni and Zn concentrations have significantly increased since 1983, and P. menziesii and P. orientalis can be potentially valuable bioindicators for emphasizing polluted fields.Öğe Assessment of 40-year Al Deposition in some Exotic Conifer Species in the Urban Air of Düzce, Türkiye(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Koc, Ismail; Canturk, Ugur; Cobanoglu, Hatice; Kulac, Semsettin; Key, Kubra; Sevik, HakanHeavy metal (HM) pollution in urban air, a global dilemma, has increased drastically in the last century. Aluminum (Al) is one of the HMs and a neurotoxic element that can be absorbed into human tissues through digestion, breathing, and skin. Al accumulation in humans can cause diseases and even cause death. Due to the risks it poses to human and environmental health, it is vital to track the Al contamination shifts in the airborne and decrease them. In this study, 40-year Al concentration differences in Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cedrus atlantica, Picea orientalis, Cupressus arizonica, and Pinus pinaster grown in D & uuml;zce, T & uuml;rkiye, the fifth most polluted European town, in terms of direction, tree species, and tissue type were assessed. As a result, Al accumulation in the tissues generally varies as outer bark > inner bark > wood. Whole species can accumulate Al significantly, and Al transfer between adjacent cells in the wood part is limited. In conclusion, all species can be used as biomonitors to track temporal Al pollution changes. However, the highest concentrations, especially in the wood part, were observed in Cedrus atlantica, Picea orientalis, and Cupressus arizonica, and these species were chosen to be the most suitable species to be used in phytoremediation studies.Öğe Climate Change Effect on Potential Distribution of Anatolian Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the Upcoming Century in Turkiye(Aves, 2023) Cobanoglu, Hatice; Canturk, Ugur; Koc, Ismail; Kulac, Semsettin; Sevik, HakanClimate change, which is effective on a global scale, affects almost all living creatures and ecosystems directly or indirectly. Forests are at the top of the ecosystems that are predicted to be affected more by climate. This study intended to determine how the growth regions of the Anatolian chestnut in Turkiye belong to one of the utmost vital forest tree species, which will be affected by climate change. Within the study scope, suitable areas for the growth of the species in 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 were determined under different scenario models [intermediate (shared socio-economic pathways 245) and most extreme (shared socio-economic pathway 585)] and compared with the natural distribution areas of today (the year of 2020). As a result of the study, it is predicted that the suitable distribution areas for Anatolian chestnut cultivation will decrease significantly, especially after 2060-2080, and even disappear entirely by 2080, according to the extreme scenarios. Even with the best scenario (shared socio-economic pathway 245), it is projected that the suitable growth regions for Anatolian chestnuts will decrease to one-fifth of today's levels in 2100. It may be recommended to create mixed forests with better-adapted chestnut varieties or origins for future conditions due to being more resilient to various environmental stress factors. In addition, considering the future projections, new chestnut plantations should be established in suitable areas for chestnut production.Öğe Determination of Arsenic Amount in Some Trees that Can Be Used as Biomonitors(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2025) Cobanoglu, Hatice; Kulac, SemsettinToxic metals/metalloids such as arsenic are environmental pollutants that are damaging to living organisms. Commonly found metals pose a serious threat to human health unless they are controlled. In this study, the accumulation of As metalloid, which has entered the food chain for specific reasons, in plant organs was determined, and it was examined whether plants are hyperaccumulators against As concentration. As a result, Pinus pinaster Aiton., Cupressus arizonica Greene., Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm., Cedrus atlantica (Endl.), and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) species accumulated more than 1 mg/kg As concentration. The highest average As concentration (7.91 mg/kg) was found in the northern bark of P. menziesii. The highest As concentrations in wood were found in the eastern direction for P. pinaster (5.21 mg/kg), C. arizonica (4.99 mg/kg), and P. orientalis (4.02 mg/kg), and in the western direction for C. atlantica (3.56 mg/kg) and P. menziesii (3.88 mg/kg). Additionally, it was determined that As concentration varied depending on location, direction, species, and year.Öğe Determination of Some Exotic Landscape Species As Biomonitors That Can Be Used for Monitoring and Reducing Pd Pollution in the Air(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Sevik, Hakan; Koc, Ismail; Cobanoglu, HaticeHeavy metal levels have steadily risen over the past century due to the presence of human activity and are hazardous to human health and the environment. Regarding the health of humans and the environment, palladium (Pd) is among the most hazardous and toxic heavy metals. It is listed as a priority contaminant by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). As a result, eliminating pollution and tracking changes in Pd contamination in the air are the top research priorities. This study will be conducted on trees grown in D & uuml;zce, the fifth dirtiest city on the European continent, to identify appropriate species that may be utilized for tracking and mitigating Pd pollution in the air. Samples from Cupressus arizonica, Pinus pinaster, Cedrus atlantica, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Picea orientalis will all be analyzed as part of the study, and the variations in Pd content according to species, organ, and direction will be assessed. The goal is to ascertain which biomonitors are best suited for tracking and mitigating lead contamination in the atmosphere. The study consistently found Pd contents in woods with different directions that developed within the same period. However, when the species were compared, notable differences were detected between the Pd levels formed in different directions in the same period for each species and the wood formed in the same direction in other periods. This variation suggests that Pd transfer in wood is restricted in all tested species. Consequently, every species performs as a reliable biomonitor for tracking Pd contamination.Öğe Effect of Drought and UV-B Stress on Anatomical and Physiological Characters in Acer negundo and Acer pseudoplatanus Species(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Cobanoglu, Hatice; Kulac, SemsettinClimate change is a situation that causes an increase in global temperature due to the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the effect of natural processes. This temperature increase causes many environmental effects around the world. Two of these effects are ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, a harmful type of electromagnetic light from the sun, and severe water shortages called droughts. In this study, we tried to determine how the wood structure (properties of libriform fibers and various mechanical properties) and plant photosynthesis parameters of Acer negundo and Acer pseudoplatanus species changes under two droughts (moderate and severe) and UV-B (low [8 kJ m-2 h-1] and high [12 kJ m-2 h-1]) stresses. Also, leaf gas exchange parameters (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency) were evaluated under these stressors. As a result, it was observed that fiber wall thickness decreased in seedlings exposed to both drought and UV-B radiation in both species. It was determined that plant gas exchange parameters decreased with drought stress but did not vary much with UV-B stress; the amount of plant transpiration decreased with the effect of drought and increased with the amount of UV-B radiation. The plant may have reduced transpiration to reduce the effect of drought stress and increased transpiration to use UV-B radiation for plant growth.Öğe Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Germination and Seedling Characteristics of Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis) Seeds(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2024) Ozel, Halil Barm; Sevik, Hakan; Yildiz, Yafes; Cobanoglu, HaticeNowadays, the applications of nanotechnology are increasing in various fields such as information technology, energy, the medical sector, and agriculture. Nanotechnology has proved its ability to solve problems in agriculture and related industries. Establishing the impact of nanoparticles on various ecosystems has become a primary research topic, but studies on forest ecosystems and trees are quite limited. This study examined the effects of silver nanoparticles on the germination parameters of oriental beech seeds and established their toxic threshold values. Silver nanoparticles were applied at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/L to oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) seeds collected from 10 different populations in order to identify the germination rate, germination percentage, seedling height, root collar diameter, plumula length, radicle thickness, and radicle length parameters. The results revealed that silver nanoparticles have a negative effect on germination and seedling parameters of oriental beech seeds, and that this effect is clearly seen in the germination rate at 20 mg/L levels and in seedling characters starting from 60 mg/L dose, causing a decrease of 13% in germination rate, 24% in germination percentage, 40% in plumula length, and 30% in radicle length. The Kahramanmaras-Andirin population was found to be the most affected by nanoparticles, while the Bursa-Inegol and Ordu-Akkus populations were the least affected.Öğe Monitoring Arsenic Concentrations in Airborne Particulates of Selected Landscape Plants and Their Potential for Pollution Mitigation(Aves, 2025) Ismail, Tuerkan Sultan Yasar; Ismail, Muhammad Danial; Cobanoglu, Hatice; Koc, Ismail; Sevik, HakanAmong the most dangerous pollutants in terms of environment and living health are heavy metals, the concentrations of which have been continuously increasing within nature due to anthropogenic effects in recent years. Arsenic (As), one of the most harmful heavy metals, is extremely dangerous to living beings even at low concentrations. Therefore, observing the change of As pollution in the airborne and reducing pollution are priority research topics. In this study, the usability of some landscape plants for observing and decreasing the alteration of As pollution in the airborne was evaluated. Within the scope of the study, changes in As concentration in five landscape plants growing in D & uuml;zce, one of the most polluted cities in Europe as stated by the World Air Pollution Report, were examined in terms of species, organs, directions, and age range over the last 60 years. As a conclusion of the study, As concentration in samples taken from Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia tomentosa, and Pseudotsuga menziesii remained below detectable limits. It was concluded that Cedrus atlantica and Robinia pseudoacacia are not suitable biomonitors for monitoring the change in As pollution, but they can be used effectively to reduce As pollution since they can accumulate very high levels of As.Öğe Variation of 40-year Pb deposition in some conifers grown in the air-polluted-urban area of Duzce, Turkiye(Springer, 2025) Koc, Ismail; Cobanoglu, Hatice; Canturk, Ugur; Key, Kubra; Sevik, Hakan; Kulac, SemsettinLead (Pb), one of the most lethal heavy metals (priority contaminant) in environmental and human health, spreads to the air as a metal or compound and has noxious properties. Therefore, tracking and diminishing Pb pollution are urgent and priority research topics. This study aims to contribute to the determination of suitable biomonitor species that can be used to observe Pb pollution shifts over a long period and hyperaccumulator species that can be used to lessen pollution. For this reason, it was selected to use species from Duzce, one of the five most unclean municipalities in Europe, including Pinus pinaster, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus arizonica, Cedrus atlantica, and Picea orientalis. The Pb concentration variations based on the species, organ, direction, and age range in the last 4 decades were assessed by examining the samples taken from tree species. The highest Pb concentrations were found in the outer bark and the east and north directions (high vehicle density) in almost all the species. These results showed that Pb pollution increases significantly due to vehicles. In conclusion, the displacement of Pb in wood was limited in these species; therefore, they could be used to track the Pb pollution change. C. arizonica and P. menziesii were determined to be suitable for reducing Pb pollution.