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    Influence of Thinning on the Stem Shape of Narrow-Leaved Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) Trees
    (Aves, 2023) Ozbayram, Ali Kemal; Cicek, Emrah
    Narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) with its capacity for fast growth is a valuable wood crop. In 2005, a trial of thinning was established out in a narrow-leaved ash plantation in Sakarya, Turkey, and three different intensities were applied: strong (28% of basal area removed), moderate (19% of basal area removed), and unthinned. The 7-year effect of thinning intensity on the stem shape of narrow-leaved ash trees was evaluated in the present study. A total of 25 sample trees representing the quadratic mean diameter of the stand (TQMD) and the 100 largest trees per hectare (T100) were taken for cross-sectional analysis. Results showed that the 7 years breast-height diameter (d1.30) increments of sampled trees were increased with increasing thinning intensity, and thinning intensity had no effect on height increments of the trees. The 7-year d1.30 increment of the T100 was greater than that of the TQMD trees. Over 7 years, the numerical definition of stem shape was not affected by the thinning intensity. However, the stem shape was improved with increasing stem diameter/ age, especially in the T100. In conclusion, the NLA T100 trees, as a result of thinning, did not develop conically but rather became more cylindrical with an increase in diameter and age; therefore, it can be recommended that in future, heavy thinning treatments can be applied in narrow-leaved ash plantations.
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    INITIAL PLANTING DENSITY EXPERIMENTS OF NARROW-LEAVED ASH IN TURKEY: TEN-YEAR RESULTS
    (Croatian Forestry Soc, 2020) Ozbayram, Ali Kemal; Cicek, Emrah
    Narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa Vahl.) is a source of valuable wood in Europe and plantations produce high yields in Turkey. Initial planting density plays an important role in plantation silviculture and affects the growth and quality of trees as well as establishment costs. This study aimed to determine the ten-year effects of initial planting density on tree growth and quality of narrow-leaved ash. In 2004, three replications of four initial planting densities (1111, 1667, 2500 and 3333 stem ha(-1)) were established in a randomized block design in Adapazan, Turkey. After ten growing seasons, no mortality was seen in all of four planting densities. The initial planting density had no effect on mean stem diameter; however, with the initial planting density increase from 1111 to 3333 stem ha(-1), mean tree height was significantly increased and live crown ratio decreased. The H/D ratios at planting densities of 2500 and 3333 stem ha(-1) were 21% higher than at lower planting densities. Aboveground dry biomass increased with increasing initial planting density at the stand level, although individual tree sizes were similar. In general, tree form and branch characteristics were improved when initial planting density was increased. Results suggest that on lowland sites where intensive weed competition occurs, higher initial planting density at 2500-3333 stems ha(-1) is recommended for narrow-leaved ash plantations.