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Öğe Effects of composts obtained from hazelnut wastes on the cultivation of pepper (Capsicum annuum) seedlings(Nature Portfolio, 2024) Ceylan, FaikMixing animal waste and agricultural waste in certain proportions forms agricultural compost through appropriate air, time, and water supply. One of their use areas is directly used as fertilizer, and the other one is used as a material that can partially or completely replace P (peat) in the PGM (plant growth media). In this study, the initial mixtures with an appropriate C/N ratio and moisture content, which were created by mixing cow manure, chicken manure, hazelnut husk, hazelnut pruning wastes, vegetable and fruit wastes, and dry leaves, were composted for 180 days. The physicochemical properties of the mature composts were determined. Their effects on the fruit yield (weight of fruits) and plant height of pepper seedlings were evaluated in pot and field experiments. N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), Cu (copper), and Zn (zinc) content were the highest in C4 (2.59%, 1.12%, 83.11 mg/kg, and 605.3 mg/kg). K (potassium) and Mn (manganese) content in C3 (1.79% and 750.5 mg/kg) and Fe (iron) content in C1 (4025 mg/kg) were determined to be the highest. There was no phytotoxic effect of all composts on Lepidium sativum seeds. Except for pH and organic matter, C1 45%, C1 20%, C4 45%, C4 20%, and P 90% met the requirements for ideal media. The mean height of eight-week seedlings increased in media of C1 20%, C1 45%, C2 20%, C2 45%, and C4 20%, but decreased in media of C3 90%. In field studies, while the highest yield was determined in C3 as 1530 g/plant, the lowest yield was 765.5 g/plant in control. The highest mean height was observed in C3 at 76.33 cm; the lowest was 63.03 cm in control.Öğe Production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) from some waste lignocellulosic materials and FTIR characterization of structural changes(Nature Portfolio, 2023) Akcay, Caglar; Ceylan, Faik; Arslan, RecaiIn this study, oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushroom was cultivated from hazelnut branches (HB) (Corylus avellana L.), hazelnut husk (HH), wheat straw (WS), rice husk (RH) and spent coffee grounds (CG). Hazelnut branch waste was used for the first time in oyster mushroom cultivation. In the study, mushrooms were grown by preparing composts from 100 to 50% mixtures of each waste type. Yield, biological activity, spawn run time, total harvesting time and mushroom quality characteristics were determined from harvested mushroom caps. In addition, chemical analysis of lignocellulosic materials (extractive contents, holocellulose, & alpha;-cellulose, lignin and ash contents) were carried out as a result of mushroom production and their changes according to their initial amounts were examined. In addition, the changes in the structure of waste lignocellulosic materials were characterized by FTIR analysis. As a result of the study, 172 g/kg yield was found in wheat straw used as a control sample, while it was found as 255 g/kg in hazelnut branch pruning waste. The highest spawn run time (45 days) was determined in the compost prepared from the mixture of hazelnut husk and spent coffee ground wastes. This study showed that HB wastes can be used for the cultivation of oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus). After mushroom cultivation processes, holocelulose and & alpha;-cellulose content rates decreased while ash contents increased. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that significant changes occurred in the wavelengths regarding cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components. Most significant changes occurred in 1735, 1625, 1510, 1322 and 1230 wavelengths.Öğe Ülkesel ve Bölgesel Ölçekte Türkiye’nin Bitkisel Atık Miktarları(Duzce University, 2023) Ünlü, Alperen; Arslan, Zübeyde Filiz; Arslan, Recai; Ceylan, FaikÜlkemizde oluşan tarımsal atıklar, miktar olarak oldukça fazla ve çeşitlidir. Yıllık 62.2 milyon ton olan bitkisel atık miktarımız yeterince değerlendirilememektedir. Ülkemizde oluşan bazı tarımsal atıklar hayvan yemi olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Ancak, tarımsal atıkların büyük bir kısmı tarlalarda bırakılmakta veya hasat sonrası yakılmaktadır. Ülkemizde atık olarak sorun iken, tarım ve endüstri başta olmak üzere pek çok sektörde değerli bir hammadde olan tarımsal atıkların değerlendirilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Tarımsal atıkların değerlendirilmesi konusunda yapılan çalışmalar sürdürülebilir tarıma, çevre kirliliği kaynaklı ekolojik sorunların azaltılmasına ve ekonomiye katkılar sağlamaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda ülkemizdeki tarımsal atıkların miktarı konusunda ihtiyaç duyulan bilgilerin olduğu bir kaynağa rastlanamamış olup, sadece T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanan “Biyokütle Enerji Potansiyeli Atlası” (BEPA) adındaki çevrimiçi atlas kullanılarak veriler sağlanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ile Türkiye’nin yedi coğrafik bölgesindeki tarla bitkileri, bahçe bitkileri ve sebze üretim ve atık miktarları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki tarımsal atıkların miktarını bölgesel ve ülkesel ölçekte bir araya getiren ilk çalışmadırÖğe Valorization of hazelnut branch pruning wastes to medicinal mushroom (Reishi-Ganoderma lucidum) cultivation and nutritional quality properties(Duzce University, 2024) Akçay, Çağlar; Arslan, Recai; Ceylan, FaikIn this study, Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst (Reishi) was cultivated with hazelnut branches (HB) for the first time. Yield, biological activity, mushroom quality characteristics, spawn running time, and total harvesting time were determined with harvested mushroom fruiting bodies. To assess the degradation properties of HB due to G. lucidum, chemical analysis (holocellulose, ?-cellulose, lignin, extractives, ash contents, and pH) of raw materials and cultivated mushroom composts was carried out. The changes that occurred in the structure of hazelnut branches examined occording to their initial amounts. According to findings obtained from the current study, a 57.11 g/kg yield and 10.72% biological efficiency (BE) were achieved. Mean spawn running time (12.33 days), mean earliness (48.1 days), and mean total harvest time (95.1 days) were recorded. K element was the richest in mushroom fruiting body and HB. Nutritional quality properties were found to be similar with literature. After cultivation, holocellulose and pH values decreased while lignin, extractive, and ash contents proportionately increased, but ?-cellulose content was not changed significantly in the study. These findings obtained from the study that hazelnut branch wastes could be usefull for the cultivation of G. lucidum.
