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Öğe Accumulation analysis and overall measurement to represent airborne toxic metals with passive tree bark biomonitoring technique in urban areas(Springer, 2024) Isinkaralar, Kaan; Isinkaralar, Oznur; Koc, Ismail; Cobanoglu, Hatice; Canturk, UgurAuthorities have long proved the utility of bioindicators in monitoring the state of environmental pollution. Some biological indicators can measure environmental pollutant levels, and many tree species have been tested for suitability for monitoring purposes. The differences in morphological characteristics in the trees have demonstrated the effects of human activities on different materials. Measuring bark and wood biomass from contaminated sites was identified and directly compared with those from a clean site or areas characterized by distinct contamination sources. However, preliminary results demonstrate the approach's potential in the realization of strategies for disease control and promoting health to reduce environmental and health inequalities in at-risk urban areas. Picea orientalis L. and Cedrus atlantica Endl., especially their bark, can be regarded as a more robust storage of Cu (37.95 mg/kg) and Mn (188.25 mg/kg) than Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which and is therefore a better bioindicator for Cu and Mn pollution. Considering the total concentrations as a result of the study, the pollution is thought to be caused by environmental problems and traffic in the region. The deposition of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn elements was found P. menziesii (60, 443, 58, and 258 mg/kg) and P. orientalis (76, 1684, 41, and 378 mg/kg) and seems to reflect atmospheric quite clearly compared to P. pinaster, C. arizonica, and C. atlantica. Ni and Zn concentrations have significantly increased since 1983, and P. menziesii and P. orientalis can be potentially valuable bioindicators for emphasizing polluted fields.Öğe Assessment of 40-year Al Deposition in some Exotic Conifer Species in the Urban Air of Düzce, Türkiye(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Koc, Ismail; Canturk, Ugur; Cobanoglu, Hatice; Kulac, Semsettin; Key, Kubra; Sevik, HakanHeavy metal (HM) pollution in urban air, a global dilemma, has increased drastically in the last century. Aluminum (Al) is one of the HMs and a neurotoxic element that can be absorbed into human tissues through digestion, breathing, and skin. Al accumulation in humans can cause diseases and even cause death. Due to the risks it poses to human and environmental health, it is vital to track the Al contamination shifts in the airborne and decrease them. In this study, 40-year Al concentration differences in Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cedrus atlantica, Picea orientalis, Cupressus arizonica, and Pinus pinaster grown in D & uuml;zce, T & uuml;rkiye, the fifth most polluted European town, in terms of direction, tree species, and tissue type were assessed. As a result, Al accumulation in the tissues generally varies as outer bark > inner bark > wood. Whole species can accumulate Al significantly, and Al transfer between adjacent cells in the wood part is limited. In conclusion, all species can be used as biomonitors to track temporal Al pollution changes. However, the highest concentrations, especially in the wood part, were observed in Cedrus atlantica, Picea orientalis, and Cupressus arizonica, and these species were chosen to be the most suitable species to be used in phytoremediation studies.Öğe Assessment of metals (Ni, Ba) deposition in plant types and their organs at Mersin City, Türkiye(Springer, 2024) Koc, Ismail; Canturk, Ugur; Isinkaralar, Kaan; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, HakanThe increase in heavy metal concentrations in the air, especially after the Industrial Revolution, is notable for the scientific world because of the adverse effects that threaten environmental and human health. Among the trace elements, nickel (Ni) is carcinogenic, and all barium (Ba) compounds are toxic. Trace elements are critical for human and environmental health. Their threat further increases, especially in the urban areas and surroundings with a high population. In urban areas, the trace element contamination in the airborne can be reduced using plants. However, which plant and plant organs absorb trace elements could not be determined. In the present study, Ni and Ba concentrations in the branch, wood, and leaf samples of 14 species collected from the city center of Mersin province were determined. As a result, broad-leaved species' Ni and Ba concentrations in their leaf sample were generally higher than other species. Almost all species had the lowest Ni and Ba concentrations in their wood samples. Among these 14 species, it was found that Ni concentration was very high, especially in non-washed leaves of Platanus orientalis, Photinia serrulata, and Citrus reticulate, and Ba concentration was very high in Citrus reticulata, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Laurus nobilis, and Acer hyrcanum. Using broad-leaved species in urban areas where pollution is at high levels will significantly contribute to reducing Ni and Ba pollution. It is recommended that these points be considered in future urban landscaping projects.Öğe Climate Change Effect on Potential Distribution of Anatolian Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the Upcoming Century in Turkiye(Aves, 2023) Cobanoglu, Hatice; Canturk, Ugur; Koc, Ismail; Kulac, Semsettin; Sevik, HakanClimate change, which is effective on a global scale, affects almost all living creatures and ecosystems directly or indirectly. Forests are at the top of the ecosystems that are predicted to be affected more by climate. This study intended to determine how the growth regions of the Anatolian chestnut in Turkiye belong to one of the utmost vital forest tree species, which will be affected by climate change. Within the study scope, suitable areas for the growth of the species in 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 were determined under different scenario models [intermediate (shared socio-economic pathways 245) and most extreme (shared socio-economic pathway 585)] and compared with the natural distribution areas of today (the year of 2020). As a result of the study, it is predicted that the suitable distribution areas for Anatolian chestnut cultivation will decrease significantly, especially after 2060-2080, and even disappear entirely by 2080, according to the extreme scenarios. Even with the best scenario (shared socio-economic pathway 245), it is projected that the suitable growth regions for Anatolian chestnuts will decrease to one-fifth of today's levels in 2100. It may be recommended to create mixed forests with better-adapted chestnut varieties or origins for future conditions due to being more resilient to various environmental stress factors. In addition, considering the future projections, new chestnut plantations should be established in suitable areas for chestnut production.Öğe Climate change impacts on Taxus baccata distribution and conservation(Northeast Forestry Univ, 2025) Cetin, Ilknur Zeren; Ozel, Halil Baris; Varol, Tugrul; Canturk, Ugur; Sevik, HakanThis study looks at the impact of climate change on the future distribution of Taxus baccata L., a species under threat. It examines how altitudinal changes may influence distribution, projecting scenarios to 2100 using the SSPs 585 SSPs 245 scenarios in 20-year intervals. The results show a contraction in distribution in areas such as in Iceland and the United Kingdom, with certain extreme points disappearing. Simultaneously, new suitable areas are expected to emerge in select regions of Asia. The study underscores the significant changes anticipated in the distribution of T. baccata due to global climate change. It suggests that the threshold for addressing climate change on this particular species has been exceeded, and emphasizes the need for concerted efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts on ecosystems and organisms. As climate change affects various aspects of life, the study advocates for sector-wide plans. These would include efficient resource utilization, selecting genotypes for afforestation of this species with lower water requirements, incorporating climate change predictions into management plans, conserving biological and genetic diversity, and developing in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies. Anticipation of future climate changes and corresponding measures in response are crucial to minimizing the impact on this species. The study recommends establishing mixed forests composed of species resilient to a range of climate scenarios, thereby enhancing forest continuity across regions with varying degrees of climate impact. Genetic diversity is an important defense mechanism important to preserving it. Global climate change will result in significant alterations in the distribution of certain species, potentially causing population declines. Intervention is required to support the adaptation of vulnerable species, necessitating forward-looking strategies that anticipate shifts in their habitat suitability. This study emphasizes the implications of climate change for T. baccata and underscores the urgency of targeted conservation efforts to protect its populations and ensure long-term persistence.Öğe Climate-Driven Shifts in Wild Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Habitats in Türkiye: A Multi-Model Projection for Conservation Planning(Mdpi, 2025) Canturk, Ugur; Koc, Ismail; Erdem, Ramazan; Pulatoglu, Ayse Ozturk; Donmez, Sevgi; Ozkazanc, Nuri Kaan; Sevik, HakanClimate change poses a serious threat to biodiversity, particularly for woody species with limited dispersal capacity such as Prunus avium L. (wild cherry). In this study, we assessed potential shifts in its suitable distribution range (SDR) across T & uuml;rkiye by applying an ensemble modeling framework that combined Generalized Additive Models (GAM), Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), and Random Forest (RF). We used updated occurrence data (including GBIF and EUFORGEN records) and 11 ecologically relevant bioclimatic variables under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Model performance was validated using AUC (Area Under the ROC Curve) and TSS (True Skill Statistic) metrics. Results suggest that while 60-70% of current SDRs remain stable by 2100, approximately 10% may be lost, with 20-23% new expansions. Temperature seasonality (Bio4) and seasonal precipitation (Bio15) were consistently identified as dominant predictors across models. Notably, newly suitable habitats are expected to be spatially isolated, limiting natural colonization. Our findings highlight the necessity of proactive conservation planning, including assisted migration and drought-resistant genotype selection, to ensure long-term persistence of wild cherry under changing climates. These results offer actionable insights for adaptive forest management and biodiversity conservation in Mediterranean-type ecosystems.Öğe Determining the plants to be used in monitoring the change in thallium concentrations in the air(Univ Federal Lavras-Ufla, 2023) Canturk, UgurBackground: Thallium (Tl), which is one of the most toxic and destructive heavy metals for human and environmental health, has a higher level of chronic and acute toxicity in comparison to many harmful elements (such as Pb, Hg, Cd, and As) in comparison to many harmful elements and is classified as one of 13 primary metal contaminants by the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) and in ATSDR's primary pollutant list. Thus, monitoring the Tl pollution in the air and reducing the pollution are among the primary research subjects. The existing study aims to determine the species that are suitable for monitoring and reducing the Tl pollution in Duzce province, Turkiye, which is the fifth-most polluted province in Europe in terms of air pollution. This study analyzed the changes in Tl concentration in the samples (wood, outer and inner bark) taken from species grown in Duzce by species, organ, direction, and age groups in the last 40 years.Results: As an outcome, the uppermost Tl concentrations were found in the outer barks, and it is thought to be caused by air pollution. The outcomes achieved in the existing study revealed that the suitable species to be used in watching the Tl pollution in the air are Cupressus arizonica and Picea orientalis, whereas those to be used in reducing the Tl pollution are Pinus pinaster, Cedrus atlantica, Cupressus arizonica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii.Conclusions: Cupressus arizonica is a species that can be effectively used in both monitoring and decreasing Tl pollution.Öğe The effects of climate change scenarios on Tilia ssp. in Turkey(Springer, 2021) Canturk, Ugur; Kulac, SemsettinGlobal climate change will cause significant changes in climate parameters, especially temperature increases and changes in precipitation regimes worldwide. Since the life of living things is directly related to climate parameters, this process will inevitably affect all living things. The plants will be the most affected living things from this process because they do not have an effective movement and migration mechanism. Therefore, global climate change will cause significant species and population losses in plants. To minimize the potential loss of species and populations, it is necessary to predetermine the potential changes in species' distribution areas and take necessary actions. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the distribution areas of three Tilia species (Tilia tomentosa, Tilia cordata, and Tilia platyphyllos), which have economic, ecologic, and social value and show the local distribution in Turkey and to determine how they will be affected by global climate change. Within this scope, nineteen bioclimatic variables, Emberger climate classification, aspect, and topographic altitude variable were used in the modeling process. By modeling the scenarios SSP 245 and SSP 585, the projections were made for 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 regarding the areas suitable for the growth of these species and how these areas will change compared to their current situation. The results suggest that the distribution areas of all three Tilia species will change due to climate change, and the area of loss will be 43.5 km(2) (4%) for T. tomentosa, 9953.6 km(2) (15%) for T. platyphyllos, and 448.0 km(2) (19%) for T. cordata. Moreover, a more important point here is that increases and decreases will be observed in their distribution areas, and these changes will occur in a short process and at significant levels. In this case, the migration mechanism that these species will require must be provided by humans.Öğe Impacts of climate change scenarios on European ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in Turkey(Elsevier, 2021) Varol, Tugrul; Canturk, Ugur; Cetin, Mehmet; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, HakanClimate change is expected to have various impacts on forest ecosystems through drought, heat stress, insect invasions and forest fires. Therefore, lack of taking the necessary measures in time will lead to the extinction or endangerment of valuable species. The entropy method was used in order to estimate the geographic distribution of Fraxinus excelsior L. available in Turkey under present and future climate conditions. 19 bioclimatic variables obtained from the monthly data within 30 provinces, where Fraxinus excelsior L. was found in Turkey, as well as the topographic variable of elevation were used in the modelling process. The results show that Fraxinus excelsior L. is largely affected by precipitation in the driest month, the driest quarter and the hottest quarter. According to the response curve of Fraxinus excelsior L. in Turkey, it is observed that it prefers the habitats with average precipitation of 22 mm in the driest month, average precipitation of 100 mm in the driest quarter and the precipitation over 70 mm in the hottest quarter. The SSPs 245 and SSPs 585 climate scenarios, respectively, show that the geographic distribution of Fraxinus excelsior L. will narrow by 7.58% and 6.28% in 2100. All of these results show that species response to the individual and communal impacts as well as the impacts at ecosystem scale dictated by climate change by changing their climatic niches. Most of the plant species that lack an effective and rapid migration ability will have difficulty in finding suitable habitat areas. Thus, the ecological consequences of the narrowing experienced in the foreseen borders may have serious consequences for both the management and protection of forests.Öğe Possible Changes of Pinus nigra Distribution Regions in Türkiye with the Impacts of Global Climate Change(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2024) Canturk, Ugur; Koc, Ismail; Ozel, Halil Baris; Sevik, HakanGlobal climate change poses significant threats to ecosystems worldwide, particularly impacting long-lived forest tree species such as Pinus nigra. This study assessed the potential shifts in distribution areas for Pinus nigra, an important tree species, one highly vulnerable to global climate change, given its prevalence in continental climates, in T & uuml;rkiye under different climate scenarios (SSPs 585 and 245). In this study, suitable distribution regions of Pinus nigra were evaluated based on SSPs 585 and SSPs 245 using nine different models. Results indicated potential losses in Pinus nigra distribution areas ranging from 15.0% to 43.5% (SSPs 245) and 19.7% to 48.9% (SSPs 585) by 2100. However, in 2100, new suitable distribution areas are expected to be formed at rates ranging from 13.8% to 32.1% and 15.1% to 34.4% according to the above scenarios. Because most of the newly formed suitable distribution regions are quite far from the areas where the species currently spreads, it seems necessary to provide the migration mechanism needed by the species by humans to prevent population losses in this process.Öğe Variation of 40-year Pb deposition in some conifers grown in the air-polluted-urban area of Duzce, Turkiye(Springer, 2025) Koc, Ismail; Cobanoglu, Hatice; Canturk, Ugur; Key, Kubra; Sevik, Hakan; Kulac, SemsettinLead (Pb), one of the most lethal heavy metals (priority contaminant) in environmental and human health, spreads to the air as a metal or compound and has noxious properties. Therefore, tracking and diminishing Pb pollution are urgent and priority research topics. This study aims to contribute to the determination of suitable biomonitor species that can be used to observe Pb pollution shifts over a long period and hyperaccumulator species that can be used to lessen pollution. For this reason, it was selected to use species from Duzce, one of the five most unclean municipalities in Europe, including Pinus pinaster, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus arizonica, Cedrus atlantica, and Picea orientalis. The Pb concentration variations based on the species, organ, direction, and age range in the last 4 decades were assessed by examining the samples taken from tree species. The highest Pb concentrations were found in the outer bark and the east and north directions (high vehicle density) in almost all the species. These results showed that Pb pollution increases significantly due to vehicles. In conclusion, the displacement of Pb in wood was limited in these species; therefore, they could be used to track the Pb pollution change. C. arizonica and P. menziesii were determined to be suitable for reducing Pb pollution.
