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    The effect of different enzymatic pretreatment processes on the production of nanocellulose from wheat straw
    (Gazi Universitesi, 2023) Sertkaya, S.; Arslan, R.; Tozluoğlu, A.; Fidan, H.; Erol, Ö.; Ünal, H.İ.; Candan, Z.
    Nanocellulose is an important material in the field of forest products with its application potential which can be obtained from lignocellulosic raw materials such as roots, stems, straw, leaves and bark. It emerges as a result of agricultural activities and gives positive effects on the final products obtained due to its physical, chemical, and morphological properties. Compared to the alkaline or acidic production method, which is frequently used as a nanocellulose production method in the literature, the enzymatic hydrolysis method has been less studied. In general, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are produced by nanocellulose production processes via enzymatic hydrolysis, while crystalline nanocelluloses (CNC) are produced by non-enzymatic processes. In this study, CNF was obtained by two different enzymatic pretreatments (hemicellulase Pulpzyme HC 2500 and cellulase Celluclast 1.5 L commercial enzymes) followed by homogenization on soda-NaBH4 bleached pulp fibers obtained from wheat straw for the first time and the changes in chemical, morphological, thermal, and rheological properties the CNF obtained after the homogenization process were investigated. HPLC analyses performed after enzymatic pretreatment showed that more carbohydrates were removed from the structure at increasing enzyme concentrations, and SEM images taken after homogenization under high pressure showed that the fibers were homogeneously reduced to nano size (average fiber diameter of 20-50 nm) in CNF production. © 2023 Gazi Universitesi Muhendislik-Mimarlik. All rights reserved.
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    Nanocellulose in Paper and Board Coating
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022) Tozluoglu, A.; Ates, S.; Durmaz, E.; Sertkaya, S.; Arslan, R.; Ozcelik, O.; Candan, Z.
    With the increase in social environmental consciousness, the interest in the production of cellulose-based nanomaterials from renewable natural resources has swiftly increased in recent years. Renewable nanotechnology displays distinguished properties of traditional petroleum-based materials, and also creates new properties such as renewability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Nanocellulosic materials allow the design of special materials with high performance that can eliminate present environmental and sustainability problems. Growing interest in such new generation products, which are called bio-based nanomaterials, will substitute conventional petroleum-based materials because of fluctuations in oil prices and scarcity of sources. The generation of these new nanomaterials will lead to the production of materials with high performance while eliminating environmental problems. This chapter presents a unique literature survey on the production methods, characterization, and modification of nanocellulose, and also on the effects of nanocellulose as a coating and additive material on paper and board. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.