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    Balancing cost-efficiency and sustainability in offshore hybrid renewable energy systems: A case study of Palau River
    (Elsevier, 2025) Terkes, Musa; Syarif, Muhammad Rizqi Asy; Demirci, Alpaslan; Ozturk, Zafer; Gokalp, Erdin; Cali, Umit
    Increasing environmental concerns and regulations on carbon emissions necessitate the development of economically viable and sustainable renewable energy systems. In this context, comprehensively evaluating solar PV-based hybrid energy systems under carbon tax (CT) scenarios is critically important. This study comparatively analyzes the cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and economic impacts of carbon taxation on both grid-connected and off-grid system configurations. Specifically, the effects of a CT on the costs of grid-connected system architectures are examined in detail, and cost reduction rates at various CTs are presented. By comparing different configurations in terms of technical performance and environmental benefits, optimal sizing strategies are determined to balance cost and carbon emissions. The results indicate that CT implementation provides a cost advantage in grid-connected systems, leading to a reduction in total system costs by approximately 15-22 %. Moreover, hybrid systems demonstrate significant improvements in environmental sustainability. These findings clearly highlight a critical role of CT policies in renewable energy integration and the economic and environmental benefits of hybrid energy systems.
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    Can Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Be Carbon Neutral With Solar Renewables?
    (Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2025) Demirci, Alpaslan; Ozturk, Zafer; Terkes, Musa; Tercan, Said Mirza; Yumurtaci, Recep; Cali, Umit
    In line with sustainable energy and environmental targets, the share of electric vehicles in the automobile market is expected to reach 80%. On the other hand, unplanned electric vehicle charging station installation for EV charging demands and high dependency rates on the distribution grid may adversely affect grid reliability, energy costs, and environmental targets. This article investigates whether electric vehicle charging stations can achieve carbon neutrality through strategic techno-economic integration with solar renewables. Furthermore, an exhaustive analysis investigated achieving carbon neutrality via integrating energy storage systems with photovoltaics, factoring in investment costs and carbon taxes. The findings indicate a significant potential for reducing grid dependency by up to 54.3%. Implementing a more stringent carbon tax has facilitated a notable enhancement in energy storage system capacity, increasing the self-consumption rate by 72% and declining carbon emissions by 25.55%. Self-consumption decreases by 30% during high charging demand in the morning and evening hours, leading to increased dependency on the grid and emphasizing the critical requirement for improved strategies to reduce carbon emissions. Despite the significant investment required for energy storage systems, a gradual increase in carbon taxes has effectively reduced the grid's dependency by up to 34.7%. Moreover, decreases in storage costs can increase the decline in grid dependency by an additional 18%. Despite the integration of energy storage systems, the ambitious zero carbon target remains unattainable due to the existing installation area constraints of EV charging stations. This study can help policies that align with global efforts to mitigate climate change, enhance energy security, optimize costs, drive technological innovation, and meet increasing demands for sustainable policies.