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Öğe A New Hybrid Record for The Vascular Flora of Türkiye: Fagus x taurica Popl.(Duzce University, 2024) Özkan, Neval Güneş; Birtürk, Turgay; Aksoy, Necmi; Ayteğin, AhmetThe presence of Fagus x taurica Popl., a hybrid of two Fagus L. taxa known to be naturally distributed in Türkiye, has been detected in the natural deciduous-mixed forests of Bolu. Specimens were collected from Kökez Old Growth Fir Forest Nature Reserve Area, Bolu Kale Fındığı Nature Reserve Area, and Yedigöller National Park in Bolu province, northwest Türkiye. After the identification, specimens were compared with materials in the international herbaria. As a result of the examinations, the morphological features seen to be different from its parents are as follows: Young shoots are grayish-green in color, leaves have 7-13 pairs of lateral veins, are ovate or obovate, and their margins are dentate, and the cupula scales are subulate. It resembles F. orientalis Lipsky in terms of leaf characteristics and F. sylvatica L. in terms of cupula characteristics. In this article, a botanical description of the taxon, differences from the main species, distribution maps, and photos are given. Fagus x taurica is a new hybrid record for the vascular flora of Türkiye. With this new record, the number of Fagus sp. taxa in the flora of Türkiye has risen to 3.Öğe Chemical, Hygroscopic, and Mechanical Properties of Various Wood Species Heat Treated via the ThermoWood (R) Method(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2022) Aytin, Ayhan; Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Birtürk, TurgayFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dissipation spectrometry, dimensional stability, and compressive strength tests were conducted parallel to the fibers on various heat-treated trees, i.e., narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl), aspen (Populus tremula L.), Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.), and Uludag. fir (Abies bommaelleriana Mattf.), which grow naturally in forests in Turkey. Panels made from these trees were first heat treated via the ThermoWood (R) method, producing ThermoWood (R) panels. Then, FTIR, as well as energy dissipation spectrometry analysis, dimensional stability, and compressive strength tests were performed on test samples prepared from the panels. The FTIR data showed that the hemicelluloses were degraded in the ThermoWood (R) test samples and the proportion of cellulose increased. The energy dissipation spectrometry results showed that the amount of carbon increased, the amount of oxygen decreased, while the amount of hydrogen remained approximately the same in the ThermoWood (R) panels compared to the control samples. It was determined that the proportion of silicon increased in the narrow-leaved ash panels. In addition, among the physical properties, the amount of shrinkage and swelling decreased in all the tested ThermoWood (R) panels compared to the control samples, whereas the compressive strength values, which are considered a mechanical property, increased.Öğe Chemical, Hygroscopic, and Mechanical Properties of Various Wood Species Heat Treated via the ThermoWood® Method(North Carolina State University, 2022) Aytin, Ayhan; Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Birtürk, TurgayFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dissipation spectrometry, dimensional stability, and compressive strength tests were conducted parallel to the fibers on various heat-treated trees, i.e., narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl), aspen (Populus tremula L.), Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.), and Uludağ fir (Abies bornmüelleriana Mattf.), which grow naturally in forests in Turkey. Panels made from these trees were first heat treated via the ThermoWood® method, producing ThermoWood® panels. Then, FTIR, as well as energy dissipation spectrometry analysis, dimensional stability, and compressive strength tests were performed on test samples prepared from the panels. The FTIR data showed that the hemicelluloses were degraded in the ThermoWood® test samples and the proportion of cellulose increased. The energy dissipation spectrometry results showed that the amount of carbon increased, the amount of oxygen decreased, while the amount of hydrogen remained approximately the same in the ThermoWood® panels compared to the control samples. It was determined that the proportion of silicon increased in the narrow-leaved ash panels. In addition, among the physical properties, the amount of shrinkage and swelling decreased in all the tested ThermoWood® panels compared to the control samples, whereas the compressive strength values, which are considered a mechanical property, increased. © 2022, North Carolina State University. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of wood characteristics of Pinus brutia Ten. infested with Marchalina hellenica Genn.(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Arslan, Mustafa Burak; Avci, Erkan; Tozluoğlu, Ayhan; Birtürk, Turgay; Saracbasi, Akin; Özcankaya, İ. Meltem; Koçer, NihanThe aim of this study was to examine the chemical, anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties of Marchalina hellenica Genn.-infested Pinus brutia Ten. wood. Studies were carried out on wood samples taken from uninfested trees, those with low M. hellenica infestation, and those with high infestation. In the P. brutia wood heavily infested with M. hellenica, statistically significant decreases were found in the holocellulose and alpha-cellulose ratios, the tracheid number in latewood, the growth ring width in earlywood and latewood, and the density and strength values. However, the density arid strength values of the P. brutia wood samples that were not infested and those with low M. hellenica infestation did not statistically differ from one another.Öğe Düzce Üniversitesi Süs ve Tıbbi Bitkiler Botanik Bahçesinin Ballı Bitkileri(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2023) Aksoy, Necmi; Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Eroğlu, Engin; Özkan, Neval Güneş; Birtürk, Turgay; Koçer, Nihan; Tunçkol, BilgeBu çalışmada Düzce Üniversitesi Süs ve Tıbbi Bitkiler Botanik Bahçesi’ne dikilen taksonlardan bal arısının (Apis mellifera L.) yararlanabileceği ballı bitkiler sunulmuştur. Botanik bahçesine dikimi gerçekleştirilen 451 taksondan bu özelliklere sahip olanlar konuyla ilgili çalışmalar incelenerek belirlenmiştir. Ballı bitki sınıfına giren 165 taksondan (%36,58); 119'u hem nektar hem de polen, 25'i polen, 13'ü nektar, 4'ü hem polen hem de böcek salgısı (BS) veya tatlı özsu (TÖS), 2'si polen, nektar ve BS veya TÖS, 1'i hem nektar hem de TÖS, 1’i yalnızca BS içerir. Küresel iklim değişikliği nedeniyle sayıları azalan polen ve polen taşıyıcı böceklerin azalmasını önlemek amacıyla botanik bahçesine bir "Arı ve Böcek Oteli" yerleştirildi. Bu nedenle dikim için seçilen bitkilerin büyük çoğunluğu ballı bitki özelliği taşıyan taksonlardan seçildi. Buradaki temel amaç hem botanik bahçesindeki bitkilerin tozlaşmasını sağlamak hem de böcek türlerinin tozlaşma üzerindeki etkilerini doğa eğitimi yoluyla göstermek ve anlatmaktır.Öğe Effects of anatomical and chemical properties of wood on the quality of particleboard(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Baharoğlu, Mehmet; Nemli, Gökay; Sarı, Bünyamin; Birtürk, Turgay; Bardak, SelahattinThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of anatomical and chemical structures of wood on the quality properties of particleboard containing different mixture of wood species. Urea-formaldehyde adhesive was used as a binder for manufacturing of test panels. Anatomical and chemical properties of wood species, and physical and mechanical properties particleboards were evaluated. The anatomical and chemical structures were found to be effective on the all of the properties of particleboards. Panels made from the particles including more amount of pine wood had highest mechanical strength properties and lowest thickness swelling values. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents, acidity and solubility values (in hot-cold water, dilute alkali and alcohol benzene) of wood significantly affected all of the properties of particleboards. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards showed statistically differences related to the length, thickness and number of the cells and fibers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Türkiye’de Doğal Yayılışlı Dar Yapraklı Dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl)’ın Yükseltiye Bağlı Odun Anatomik Özelliklerinin Değişimi(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2022) Koçer, Nihan; Birtürk, Turgay; Sargıncı, MuratBu çalışmada Türkiye’de doğal olarak yetişen Dar Yapraklı Dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) taksonlarının odun anatomik özelliklerinin yükseltiye bağlı değişimleri incelenmiştir. Odun örnekleri Türkiye genelinde farklı yükseltilerden alınmıştır. Anatomik ölçüm ve sayımlar sonucu elde edilen verilerle yükseltiye bağlı korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bu analiz sonucuna göre yükselti ile birim alandaki trahe ve özışını sayıları arasında pozitif ilişki, trahe (radyal ve teğet) çapları, lif ve trahe hücre uzunlukları, vulnerabilite oranı ve mezomorfi değeri arasında negatif ilişki bulunmuştur.
