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    Assessment of serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 levels in patients with migraine
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Gultekin, Melis; Davran, Fatih; Yuksel, Nehir; Beyazcicek, Ozge; Demir, Serif
    Background Migraine is a prevalent neurovascular disorder affecting over one billion people globally, imposing significant daily life limitations. Migraine headaches are linked to the activation of trigeminal nerve endings. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone involved in insulin regulation and plays neuroprotective roles in the central nervous system (CNS). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a protease enzyme that degrades GLP-1, rendering it inactive, and modulates metabolic and neurological pathways. This study investigates the association between serum GLP-1 and DPP-4 levels and migraine pathophysiology to propose a novel therapeutic approach for migraine. Methods The study included 42 migraine patients and 42 healthy controls. After fasting for at least 8 h, blood samples were collected. Serum GLP-1 and DPP-4 levels were measured using ELISA, and statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 24.0. Results Serum GLP-1 and DPP-4 levels were significantly lower in migraine patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Patients with migraine with aura had significantly lower GLP-1 levels compared to those with migraine without aura (p = 0.016). A significant decrease in GLP-1 levels was observed in patients experiencing pain localized in the occipital lobe (p = 0.01). Conclusions Serum GLP-1 and DPP-4 levels were lower in migraine patients. Given the role of GLP-1 in the central nervous system, reduced GLP-1 may contribute to migraine pain. Similarly, low DPP-4, which metabolizes GLP-1, may be linked to these findings and could trigger attacks by increasing blood CGRP levels.
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    Effect of acute and chronic ellagic acid administration on penicillin induced epileptiform activity in rats
    (Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2024) Beyazcicek, Ersin; Ankarali, Seyit; Beyazcicek, Ozge; Ankarali, Handan
    One of the flavonoids found in some fruits and plants such as pomegranates, nuts, and apples is ellagic acid (EA). This compound has antidepressant, anxiolytic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EA on experimental penicillin-induced epilepsy model electrophysiologically in rats. In this study, 70 adult male Wistar rats were divided into acute and chronic main groups. Only EA, and 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of EA were the subgroups of the study. Sham and control groups were used as common groups for acute and chronic main groups. Substances were given to the acute group 30 min before the epileptiform activity started but for 21 days to the chronic group. Rats were anaesthetized with urethane. Electrodes were placed on the left somatomotor area. Electrocorticography (ECoG) recording was started and then penicillin was injected into the rats to induce epileptiform activity. 120 min more ECoG recordings were taken after penicillin was injected. In sham and only EA groups there was no epileptiform activity. Both acute and chronic groups of EA significantly increased the latency time to onset of the first spike-wave (P<0.05) and decreased the frequency and amplitude except for some time periods (P<0.05). Consequently, the administration of EA has an antiepileptic effect in penicillin-induced epilepsy in rats. Therefore it may be a potential anti-epileptogenic drug in the future.
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    The Effects of Individual Components of E-Cigarettes on Ion Transport and Airway Surface Liquid Height in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
    (Mdpi, 2025) Beyazcicek, Ozge; Tarran, Robert; Ozmerdivenli, Recep; Beyazcicek, Ersin
    Background and Objectives: The rising popularity of new-generation electronic cigarettes (e-cig) like JUUL necessitates a better understanding of their impact on respiratory and other body systems, as the effects of JUUL's components remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of JUUL components on ion channels and airway surface liquid (ASL) height in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of these components were investigated in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells. Materials and Methods: The components tested included nicotine salt (NicSalt), benzoic acid (BA), sodium hydrogen tartrate (NaTar), propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG), freebase nicotine (FBNic) and nicotine salt+benzoic acid (NicSalt+BA). Each component was prepared at 100 mu M, and HBECs were exposed for 24 h to measure ASL height, short-circuit current (Isc), and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Results: Initial exposure (0 h) to these substances did not significantly alter ASL height. However, after 2 h, FBNic-treated HBECs exhibited a significant reduction in ASL height compared to NicSalt and other tested substances, with the most pronounced decrease observed at the 6th hour. This effect persisted over prolonged exposure, suggesting a cumulative impact on airway hydration and epithelial function. Additionally, adenosine administration did not induce a significant increase in ASL height. NicSalt, BA, and FBNic were found to disrupt ion balance in HBECs, affecting ion channels and ASL homeostasis while significantly decreasing TEER. In terms of cytotoxicity, NicSalt, and benzoic acid demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity at low concentrations, whereas FBNic showed significantly higher cytotoxicity at moderate levels. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study highlights that e-cigarette components can disrupt airway surface liquid homeostasis by affecting ion channel activity, compromise epithelial barrier integrity by reducing transepithelial electrical resistance, and emphasize the importance of their cytotoxic effects.
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    Efficacy of Sinapic Acid Administration in a Model of PenicillinInduced Epilepsy
    (Wiley, 2023) Coskun, Ayca; Beyazcicek, Ersin; Beyazcicek, Ozge; Gok, Ali
    [No abstract available]
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    Exercise and metformin effect on glucose homeostasis and gastrointestinal hormone levels in rats
    (Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2025) Onay, Fatma; Beyazcicek, Ozge
    This study aimed to determine the effects of exercise and metformin on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), insulin (INS), ghrelin (GHRL), and blood glucose levels. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups as control (CONT), exercise only (EXE), metformin 100 mg/kg (Met100), metformin 200 mg/kg (Met200), metformin 100mg+exercise (Met100+EXE), and metformin 200mg+exercise (Met200+EXE). Metformin was administered intraperitoneally. Rats were subjected to an incremental exercise protocol. A 12-week study was conducted, including an adaptation period for exercise. At the end of the study, serum samples were obtained from the rats, and the levels of GLP-1, GIP, insulin, and ghrelin were determined using the ELISA method. The blood glucose levels of the Met200 group were lower than CONT, EXE, and combination groups. INS levels of the metformin and combination groups were lower than CONT group. GLP-1 level of EXE was higher than all groups. GIP levels of EXE and combination groups were higher than CONT and Met100 groups. The ghrelin levels of the exercise and Met200 group were higher than CONT group. As a result, it was determined that exercise and metformin had significant effects on glucose homeostasis and caused significant results on GIP, GLP-1, INS, and GHRL.
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    Investigation of The Effects of Fatty Acids on Growth Hormone, Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, and Insulin- and Hormone-sensitive Lipase Levels in Rats
    (Galenos Publ House, 2024) Emir, Aysegul; Beyazcicek, Ozge; Beyazcicek, Ersin; Gok, Ali
    Objective: Several studies have investigated hormones such as growth hormone (GH), insulin (INS), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and hormone- sensitive lipase (HSL). However, there is insufficient data on the effects of the combination of short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids on hormone concentrations in serum/tissue, including GH, INS, IGF-1, and HSL. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of butyric acid (BA), caprylic acid (CA), and oleic acid (OA) alone or in combination on GH, INS, IGF-1, and HSL secretion. Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were used in the study. The animals were separated into 8 subgroups: control, BA, CA, OA, BA + CA, BA + OA, CA + OA, and BA + CA + OA groups. Fatty acids were administered orally to rats for 21 days. At the end of the study, GH, IGF, INS, and HSL levels were measured in serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: BA administration reduced GH, IGF-1, and INS levels but had no significant effect on HSL levels. CA administration increased HSL levels but had no significant effect on GH, INS, and IGF-1 levels. OA administration increased GH and HSL levels but had no significant effect on IGF-1 and INS levels. Conclusion: The combined use of fatty acids increased GH levels while decreasing INS, IGF-1, and HSL levels.
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    Protective Mechanisms of EGCG in Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Liver Toxicity From Cigarette Smoke-Induced Damage
    (Wiley, 2025) Agan, Kagan; Demir, Serif; Ozmerdivenli, Recep; Agan, Aydan Fulden; Akin, Ali Tugrul; Alpay, Merve; Beyazcicek, Ozge
    Exposure to cigarette smoke leads to an increase in oxidative stress within the body, resulting in both an elevated oxidant burden and a compromised antioxidant defense system. This imbalance creates a significant risk factor for various diseases by promoting cellular damage, inflammation, and toxicity. The oxidants present in cigarette smoke are considered the primary contributors to these pathological conditions. Supporting the antioxidant system with specific bioactive compounds may help mitigate the toxic effects caused by cigarette smoke. In this study, the effects of EGCG pre-administration on the antioxidant system were evaluated under both acute and chronic exposure conditions to cigarette smoke. Different doses of EGCG were administered to determine its potential role in oxidative stress regulation, and histopathological examinations and antioxidant enzyme levels were assessed. The findings demonstrated that while acute EGCG administration did not significantly improve antioxidant enzyme activity, chronic administration of EGCG at a dose of 50 mg/kg effectively increased antioxidant enzyme production, reduced oxidative stress, and liver injury. In the presence of cigarette smoke, EGCG contributed to the stabilization of oxidative stress markers. However, chronic EGCG administration in the absence of oxidative stressors requires further investigation to assess its impact on other organs. EGCG appears to be a promising candidate for alleviating the adverse effects of external oxidant exposure and mitigating oxidative stress. However, its long-term application and potential side effects in different physiological conditions should be explored further examinations. Although acute EGCG application did not enhance antioxidant enzyme levels, it unexpectedly elevated oxidative stress, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive studies to clarify its mechanisms and optimize its usage. We further identify the principal underlying mechanisms involved in this process.