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Öğe Effects of foliar iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ) application on photosynthetic parameters, distribution of mineral elements, magnetic behaviour, and photosynthetic genes in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) plants(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2024) Tombuloglu, Guzin; Tombuloglu, Huseyin; Slimani, Yassine; Almessiere, Munirah A.; Baykal, Abdulhadi; Bostancioglu, Safiye Merve; Kirat, GokhanThis study aims to examine the effect of foliar magnetic iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles (IONP) application on the physiology, photosynthetic parameters, magnetic character, and mineral element distribution of cherry tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme ). The IONP suspension (500 mg L -1 ) was sprayed once (S1), twice (S2), thrice (S3), and four times (S4) a week on seedlings. Upon 21 days of the treatments, photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll, carotenoids, photosynthetic yield, electron transport rate) were elucidated. Inductivelycoupled plasma -optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to determine the mineral elements and abundance of magnetic power in the seedlings. In addition, the RTqPCR method was performed to quantify the expressions of photosystem-related ( PsaC , PsbP6 , and PsbQ ) and ferritin-coding ( Fer-1 and Fer-2 ) genes. Results revealed that the physiological and photosynthetic indices were improved upon S1 treatment. The optimal dosage of IONP spraying enhances chlorophyll, carotenoid, electron transport rate (ETR), and effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Y(II)) but substantially diminishes non -photochemical quenching (NPQ). However, frequent IONP applications (S2, S3, and S4) caused growth retardation and suppressed the photosynthetic parameters, suggesting a toxic effect of IONP in recurrent treatments. Fer-1 and Fer-2 expressions were strikingly increased by IONP applications, suggesting an attempt to neutralize the excess amount of Fe ions by ferritin. Nevertheless, frequent IONP treatment fluctuated the mineral distribution and caused growth inhibition. Although low -repeat foliar applications of IONP (S1 in this study) may help improve plant growth, consecutive applications (S2, S3, and S4) should be avoided.Öğe Impact of CoFe1.98Nb0.02O4 phase on the structural, morphological, and dielectric properties of barium titanate material(Elsevier, 2023) Slimani, Yassine; Almessiere, Munirah A.; Shirsath, Sagar E.; Hannachi, Essia; Baykal, Abdulhadi; Alwadai, Norah; Alshatwi, Manar S.In this work, composite materials of BaTiO3/CoFe1.98Nb0.02O4 with desirable physical properties were developed. Magnetic CoFe1.98Nb0.02O4 and dielectric BaTiO3 phases were initially prepared via hydrothermal and sol-gel methods, respectively. Next, diverse materials of (100-x)% BaTiO3 + x% CoFe1.98Nb0.02O4 (x = 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 %) were developed using a solid-state reaction. The development of biphasic materials is confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-rays (EDX) analyses. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations indicated the existence of dissimilar particles in terms of shape and size, which belong to CoFe1.98Nb0.02O4 and BaTiO3 phases. The variations of dielectric constant and loss tangent were also investigated at ambient temperature in a frequency range of 100 to 106 Hz. Low values of dielectric loss tangent lesser than 1 are observed for different composites (i.e., x = 2, 5, 10, and 20 %). More specifically, composite materials with x >= 5% displayed very low dielectric loss tangent (below 0.1) along with good stability over the whole range of frequency. The obtained results indicated that these composite products could be suitable for high-frequency electromagnetic device applications.Öğe Impact of magnetic spinel ferrite content on the structure, morphology, optical, and magneto-dielectric properties of BaTiO3 materials(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2023) Slimani, Yassine; Meena, Sher Singh; Shirsath, Sagar E.; Hannachi, Essia; Almessiere, Munirah A.; Baykal, Abdulhadi; Sivakumar, RengasamyIn this study, the influence of magnetic content of NiFe1.93Dy0.07O4 spinel ferrite on the structural, morphological, optical, and magneto-dielectric properties of BaTiO3 materials was investigated. NiFe1.93Dy0.07O4 magnetic nanoparticles and BaTiO3 dielectric materials were firstly synthesized using the hydrothermal method and sol-gel auto-combustion route, respectively. Then, different contents of the magnetic nanoparticles were added to BaTiO3 to form a series of BaTiO3/(NiFe1.93Dy0.07O4)(x) samples (abbreviated as BTO/(NDFO)(x)) with x = 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 %. The analysis of the structure via X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique revealed a transformation from a tetragonal structure for the pristine BTO sample to a cubic structure upon the inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles. The morphological observations and chemical composition analyses via scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with EDX system showed the successful formulation of biphasic products. The optical properties were investigated, and it was found that the inclusion of the magnetic phase diminishes the bandgap energy (E-g) of final BTO/(NDFO)(x) samples. Furthermore, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to investigate the magnetization properties. The values of saturation magnetization (M-S) and remanent (M-r) magnetization are rising with the increase of magnetic phase content. However, the coercivity (H-c) does not show a regular variation with the increase of NDFO content. The dielectric properties were also investigated for different BaTiO3/(NiFe1.93Dy0.07O4)(x) samples. The obtained results showed that the real permittivity (epsilon') and dielectric tangent loss (tan delta) increased with increasing temperature. Remarkably, the addition of magnetic content provokes a reduction in tan delta values compared to the pristine BTO sample. The lowest values of tan delta and highest frequency stability were noticed in the sample added with 10 % of magnetic phase. The impedance and modulus were also determined and discussed.Öğe Magnetic Behavior and Nutrient Content Analyses of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Tissues upon CoNd0.2Fe1.8O4 Magnetic Nanoparticle Treatment(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2020) Tombuloglu, Huseyin; Slimani, Yassine; Alshammari, Thamer; Tombuloglu, Guzin; Almessiere, Munirah; Baykal, Abdulhadi; Demirci, TunaThis study investigates (i) in planta uptake and transfer of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the plant body and (ii) impact of MNPs on plant nutrition. For these purposes, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings were subjected by varied MNP doses (125 to 1000 mg L-1 of CoNd0.2Fe1.8O4) for 3 weeks in a hydroponic system. Plant tissues (root and leaf) were analyzed by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) techniques to understand MNPs' uptake and translocation in the plant body, and plant nutrition status as well. Elemental composition and magnetic behavior analyses of plant parts proved that MNPs, sized in 8.4 +/- 0.05 nm, are uptaken by the plant roots and led to an increase in iron (Fe), neodymium (Nd), and cobalt (Co) contents of leaves (p < 0.005). However, compared with the untreated control, the amount of some macro- and micro-elements (K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and P) are declined in the leaf by increased MNP doses (p < 0.05). Root-to-leaf translocation index (%) of the elements were dramatically decreased, except the one for Fe which increased from 25 (control) to 55% in 1000 mg L-1 condition. Accordingly, MNPs are uptaken by the plant roots and transferred to the leaves. However, it suppresses the translocation of essential nutrients. This finding shows that MNPs used in this study is detrimental for plant mineral nutrition. Besides, the VSM technique coupled with ICP-OES enables to track MNPs in the plant body.
