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    Investigation of the effects of Toxoplasma gondii on behavioral and molecular mechanism in bradyzoite stage
    (Elsevier, 2024) Akcay, Guven; Bahadir, Anzel; Tatar, Yakup; Atalar, Mehmet Nuri; Babur, Cahit; Ozkan, Aysegul Taylan
    Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled parasite that causes a disease called toxoplasmosis. It can reach the central nervous system, but the mechanism of T. gondii disrupting the functioning of these brain regions occurs in bradyzoite stage of parasite, causing brain damage by forming tissue cysts in brain. In our study, the effects of T. gondii on locomotor activity, anxiety, learning and memory, and norepinephrine (NE), levodopa (L -DOPA), dopamine (DA) and 3,4-D-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) catecholamines in amygdala, striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain were investigated in bradyzoite stage. Twenty male Albino mice Mus musculus, 4-5 weeks old, weighing 20-25 g, were used. T. gondii inoculated to mice intraperitonealy with 48-50-hour passages of T. gondii RH Ankara strain. For intraperitoneal inoculation of mice 5x104 tachyzoites per mouse. No inoculation was made in control group (n: 20). Locomotor activity behavior in open field test (OFT), anxious behavior in elevated plus maze (EPM), and learning behavior in novel object recognition (NOR) tests were evaluated. NE, L -DOPA, DA and DOPAC were measured by HPLC in brain tissues of amygdala, striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. A decrease was observed in the locomotor activity, anxiety and learning values of the T. gondii group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The heighten in NE and L -DOPA levels in amygdala tissue of T. gondii group compared to control group, an elevation in NE, L -DOPA, DA and DOPAC levels in striatum tissue, and an increase in levels of NE in prefrontal cortex tissue were detected in monoamine results. In hippocampus tissue, an increase was observed in DA levels, while a decrease was observed in NE, L -DOPA and DOPAC levels. In our study, it has been shown that T. gondii in bradyzoite stage reduces locomotor activity, causes learning and memory impairment, and has anxiogenic effects.
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    Magnetic field effect on breaking tuber dormancy, early sprouting, seedling growth, and tuber formation in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
    (Science Society Thailand, 2020) Bahadir, Anzel; Sahin, Nilufer Kocak; Beyaz, Ramazan; Yildiz, Mustafa
    Magnetic field (MF) treatment improves the germination of seeds and enhances the performance of various crops. In this study, the effects of different MF strengths (0-control, 75, 150, and 300 mT) and exposure time periods (0-control, 24, 48, and 72 h) on sprouting of dormant seed potato tubers, vegetative growth (emergence time and plant height), tuber formation (tuber number per plant and mean tuber weight), and total chlorophyll content in 2 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars ('Necta' and 'Banba') were investigated in all parameters examined in both cultivars, the worst results were recorded in control treatment where no MF strength was used. Emergence times of sprouts were reduced significantly when seed potato tubers were exposed to 150 mT MF strength for 72 h in both cultivars. The fastest emergence times were recorded as 14.0 days in cv. 'Nectar' and 17.0 days in cv. 'Banba' when seed tubers were exposed to 150 mT MF strength for 72 h. In control treatment, emergence time of sprouts was noted as 31.8 days in cv. 'Nectar' and 39.5 days in cv. 'Banba'. The best results in other parameters (plant height, total chlorophyll content, tuber number per plant and mean tuber weight) were again obtained from seed tubers treated with 150 mT MF strength for 72 h whereas the worst results were noted in control treatment in both cultivars. Thus, MF pre-treatment can compensate for the negative effects of dormancy in seed potato tubers.