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    Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2021) Akalin, Ayse; Ayhan, Fatma
    This study aims to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,036 women in Turkey who were either married or had an intimate partner. The data were collected between June 20 and July 10, 2020. Experience of any form of IPV (physical (10.1%), sexual (4.0%), psychological (32.2%) or economic (11.5%) was reported by 35.5% of the participants. Regression analyses revealed that exposure to IPV during the pandemic was significantly associated with being married, having children, unemployment, poor marital/relationship satisfaction, an increased workload in the household and the negative effect of quarantine on mood (p < 0.05). Educational programs need to be prepared for the prevention of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic and for the acquisition of protective behaviors toward women victims of IPV.
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    Psychometric testing and the predictive validity of the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R): A longitudinal study with Turkish women
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2024) Ayhan, Fatma; Akalin, Ayse; Balsak, Habip; Erden, Arzu
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the prenatal and postnatal versions of the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R) and to examine the predictive validity of PDPI-R in Turkish women, considering two gold standards to determine postpartum depression (PPD). Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted between August 2021 and September 2023. A total of 301 pregnant women participated in the study. Participants completed the PDPI-R during the third trimester of pregnancy (T1) and at 4 weeks postpartum (T2). At T2, participants also completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and women were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders. Results: The prenatal version of the PDPI-R predicted PPD with 64% (R:0.64) accuracy on the basis of the EPDS and 78% accuracy (R:0.78) according to DSM IV criteria. The postnatal version of the PDPI-R predicted PPD with 71% (R:0.71) accuracy on the basis of the EPDS and 81% accuracy (R:0.781) based on DSM IV criteria. The cutoff points exhibited the highest sensitivity and specificity values at 8.5 for the prenatal version and 10.5 for the postnatal version. Conclusions: The PDPI-R is a valid and reliable screening tool for identifying Turkish women at high risk of developing PPD and for estimating the psychosocial risk associated with PPD.
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    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEAR OF COVID-19, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN PREGNANT WOMEN
    (Dokuz Eylul Univ Inst Health Sciences, 2022) Akalın, Ayşe; Ayhan, Fatma; Göynümer, Fikret Gökhan
    Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 fear, anxiety and depression on pregnant women.Material and Methods: The cross-sectional, correlational research was conducted with 335 pregnant women from June to October 2020 at the antenatal outpatient clinics of a university hospital. Data were collected using Description Form, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results: The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale average scores were 21.12 +/- 6.56, 6.39 +/- 5.48 and 8.13 +/- 9.13, respectively, indicating pregnant women' levels of COVID-19 fear were moderately high and their anxiety and depression levels were moderate. Overall, 14.0% of pregnant women had depression risk and 42.4% had symptoms of anxiety (26.3% low level, 10.4% moderate level and 5.7% high level). A positive, significant relationship was found between the COVID-19 fear level and depression (r=0.207, p<0.001), and anxiety level (r=0.135, p<0.013). COVID-19 fear and anxiety significantly predicted the risk of depression (beta=0.17, p<0.001; beta=0.43, p<0.001) and they explain 24% of the variance in depression. Conclusion: The level of COVID-19 fear increased anxiety and depression risk in pregnant women. In this context, it seems that using effective interventions to decrease of COVID-19 fear may help in reducing anxiety and risk of depression among pregnant women.