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Does propolis have antiviral potential against Myoviridae bacteriophage?
(Springer, 2025) Sonmez, Emine; Yildiz, Oktay; Ayaz, Naim Deniz
The Myoviridae family of bacteriophages presents challenges for antiviral research owing to their structural complexity and ecological significance. While the antibacterial and antiviral properties of Anatolian propolis have been studied, its activity against Myoviridae bacteriophages has not previously been evaluated. This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of Anatolian propolis against the M8AEC16 bacteriophage, which is employed as a model to examine interactions with viral-like particles in a biosafe environment. Using RP-HPLC-UV, we identified high concentrations of the potent antiviral compounds ferulic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). The propolis samples' bioactive richness is further underscored by their high antioxidant capacity, measured as 144.51 mu M Trolox/g using the FRAP method. Spot test analysis revealed that a propolis concentration of 18.4 mg/mL eradicated 9.91 log pfu/mL of the bacteriophage, demonstrating its efficacy at minimal concentrations. These results suggest that Anatolian propolis could be used as a natural agent to target viral-like pathogens and reduce oxidative stress. This could contribute to the development of alternative antiviral approaches based on natural products.