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    Experience of Distance Learning of Medical Science Disciplines as a Result of the Global Pandemic COVID-19 in Ukraine and South Africa
    (2022) Luckrajh, Jeshika; Vovk, Oleh; Erokhina, Victoria; Avilova, Olga; To, Uyen Nguyen Do; Stepanenko, Oleksandr
    Aim: This study discusses the historical background of distance learning and its pros and cons from the perspective of students and teachers. This study aimed to conduct a comparison of the effectiveness of distance learning during the quarantine period at Kharkiv National Medical University (KNMU), and the national lockdown at the University of Cape Town (UCT).Material and Methods: A survey was used to investigate student’s perspectives about distance education. An online survey consisting of 19 questions was conducted on Google Forms platform among 395 students at KNMU and among 124 students of UCT obtained from Vula site statistics. Individuals’ learning progress during histological and anatomical classes using different methods such as virtual aggregators of slides and 3D programs were also observed.Results: At KNMU, most students (72.2%, n=285) agreed that the main advantages of distance education were the extra time they had to prepare for classes and revise study materials whereas the major challenge they faced while having distance education was the lack of clinical approach to patients (69.1%, n=273). At UCT, students found that the most helpful aspect of distance learning was pre-recorded lecture videos (66.9%, n=83).Conclusion: The pandemic has shown that distance learning is possible, but the question remains: has it proved to be efficient, and is it an inseparable part of the education system today? The role of distance education in the twenty-first century can be summarized as distance education programs catching huge popularity in the educational world with having and spreading discussable sides.
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    Histoultramicroscopic Investigation of the Rats' Thymus (Experimental Data)
    (2021) Avilova, Olga; Yarmolenko, Olha; Gordienko, Olena; Prykhodko, Olha; Dmytruk, Serhii; Bumeister, Valentyna; Kubikova, Eliska
    Aim: The research paper presents the characteristic of cytoarchitectonics of the thymus of intact white mature male laboratory rats. Topicality of the study is due to the need to clarify the data on the contribution of each type of thymus cells in the formation of its structure. The aim of the research was to determine the specifics of localization and ultramicroscopic structure of thymus cells in male mature Wistar laboratory rats. Material and Methods: The study was conducted using histological and ultramicroscopic methods on 10 mature male laboratory rats, weighing 130-150 g. Semi-thin (0.5-1 ?m) and ultrathin (0.05-0.2 ?m) sections were made on a microtome UMTP-4 (Ukraine), which were stained with 1% methylene blue solution with the addition of 1% sodium tetraborate solution. Histological analysis and photographic recording were performed using Olympus light microscope (Japan) and DSM 510 camcorder with magnification in 1000 times. Results: With a detailed study of the semi-thin and ultrathin sections in the thymus lobules the specifics of localization and ultramicroscopic structure of thymus cells were clearly identified. The features of localization and ultramicroscopic structure of epithelial, mesenchymal, vascular and hematopoietic thymus cells were determined from the point of view of their functional loads and interactions. Conclusion: The described structural peculiarities of the components of the thymus and their relative location in different zones reflect significant organ polymorphism, which must be taken into account in order to achieve the required level of objectivity in the result evaluation of simulated biomedical experiments.