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    Evaluation of angiogenic apelin/apelin receptor axis in normal prostate, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma
    (Malaysian Journal Pathology, 2022) Soylu, Hakan; Unal, Betul; Aksu, Kubra; Avci, Sema; Caylan, Ahmet Ender; Ustunel, Ismail
    Introduction and Objectives: Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in American men. Apelin is an endogenous peptide identified as the ligand of the G protein-associated apelin receptor. Apelin and apelin receptor have many tissues distribution and they participate in pathological processes, such as cancer. Apelin stimulates cancer angiogenesis. However, there are insufficient data in the literature regarding the role of apelin/apelin receptor in normal tissue, highgrade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the apelin and apelin receptor expression levels in tissues of normal prostate tissue, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: In this study, 38 samples of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were used. Among 38 samples; 20 patients were with prostatic adenocarcinoma, 18 patients were with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adjacent normal prostatic tissue areas. The immunolocalisation of apelin and apelin receptor in these tissues were determined immunohistochemically. Results: Apelin and apelin receptor expressions were higher in prostatic adenocarcinoma than normal prostate tissue and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Apelin receptor expression was also increased in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia compared to normal tissue. Conclusion: Apelin and apelin receptor are increase in the process of prostate carcinogenesis. This increase may adversely affect the clinical course of prostate cancer patients by stimulating angiogenesis, which is important for invasion and metastasis in prostate cancer.
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    Expressions of Notch signalling pathway members during early pregnancy in mice
    (Springer, 2023) Acar, Nuray; Soylu, Hakan; Avci, Sema; Ustunel, Ismail
    Although pregnancy is initiated and maintained through highly complex mechanisms, it is essential to understand the events that occur before and during early pregnancy to understand a healthy implantation process. The Notch signal, thought to be involved in this process, is frequently the subject of research with its different aspects. To better understand the role of Notch signaling in the peri-implantation period of the mouse uterus, we investigated the state of expression and localization of Notch 3, Notch 4, Rbp-J, Hes1, Hes7, Hey2, HeyL, and Fbw7 in the uterus and implantation sites in early pregnancy. Balb/C mice were divided into groups D1, D4, D5, D6, and D8. For D5 and D6 groups, implantation sites were identified by intravenous injection of Chicago blue. IHC, WB, and QRT-PCR methods were used. Notch 3 was very strong positive on the 4th day of pregnancy. Notch 4 was highly expressed on days 4, 5, 6, and 8 of pregnancy when P-4 levels were high. Hes 1 level was at the lowest on the 4th day of pregnancy. Hes 7 protein expression gradually increased from D1 to D8 in the uteri and implantation sites. Hey 2 expression was at the highest level on the 1st and 4th days. Hey L expression was on the apical of the glands. Fbxw7 that expression was high on the 1st and 4th days of pregnancy. Notch signaling may play an essential role in regulating endometrial receptivity. In addition, our Hes7 results are new to the literature.
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    The protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the stomach in Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP in male C57BL/6 mice
    (Univ Zagreb Vet Faculty, 2022) Birsen, İlknur; Avci, Sema; Izgut-Uysal, V. Nimet; Soylu, Hakan; Özkan, Ayşe; Parlak, Hande; Acar, Nuray
    The purpose of this study was to detect gastric changes in Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1.2.3.6.-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and to investigate the protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) against these changes in mice. The mice were divided into 4 groups (n=10 in per group) as control, DHA, Parkinson and DHA+Parkinson groups. DHA was administered by gavage for 30 days. On the 23th day of gavage treatment, the animals of the Parkinson and DHA+Parkinson groups were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP. Seven days after the injection of MPTP, their locomotor activity, bradykinesia and rotarod performance were measured. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression in substantia nigra and the apoptotic index, the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and histamine, and the number of mast cells in the stomach were evaluated. Administration of DHA significantly prevented the reduction in motor functions (P<0.001) and nigral TH neurons (P<0.05), and apoptosis (P<0.05), and an increase in TNF-alpha concentration (P<0.01) in the stomach. An increase in the number of mast cells in the stomach wall was observed in PD (P<0.001). DHA prevented the increase in the number of mast cells (P<0.05) and the histamine level (P<0.01) due to PD. As a result, MPTP administration in mice caused changes in the stomach as well as impairment in motor functions, and DHA was observed to reduce these changes.